Definitions

Question 1

Define disease

Answer 1

Symptoms, signs and diagnosis from a biomedical perspective

Question 2

Define illness

Answer 2

Ideas, concerns and expectations from a patient’s perspective

Question 3

Define incidence

Answer 3

The number of new cases

Question 4

Define prevalence

Answer 4

The number of existing cases

Question 5

Define pathophysiology

Answer 5

pathological basis of underlying disease process. May incl. causation if known and pathological course

Question 6

Define clinical disease

Answer 6

The specific clinical consequence(s) of a pathophysiological process

Question 7

Define illness episode

Answer 7

The time between illness onset and offset

Question 8

Define response

Answer 8

pattern of decrease in symptoms and/or signs indicating decrease in severity of underlying pathological process

Question 9

Define recovery

Answer 9

sustained period of health following illness episode when clinical features no longer present or insufficient to warrant further investigation or change in treatment

Question 10

Define remission

Answer 10

A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease.

Question 11

Define relapse

Answer 11

reinstatement in clinical features following episode of illness. Not necessary to have entered remission to relapse (can occur during response period)

Question 12

Define recurrence

Answer 12

Reinstatement of new episode of illness following abatement of clinical features of sufficient duration to warrant term “recovery”

Question 13

What is the WHO’s definition of health?

Answer 13

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”

Question 14

Define vulnerability

Answer 14

A vulnerable individual has a reduced capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis

Question 15

What is the dictionary definition of disability?

Answer 15

• Lacking in 1 or more physical powers such as ability to walk or coordinate one’s movements

Question 16

What is the legal definition of disability?

Answer 16

Disability Discrimination Act: difficulty can be physical, sensory or mental;. A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities for more than 12 months

Question 17

Describe the new WHO terms to define aspects of disability

Answer 17

o Body and Structure Impairment: abnormalities of structure, organ or system function (organ level)
o Activity Limitation: changed functional performance and activity by the individual (personal level)
o Participation Restrictions: disadvantage experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities (interactions at a social and environmental level)

Question 18

Describe what is meant by primary prevention

Answer 18

o Prevention of disease onset in healthy individuals to reduce risk, severity and duration or disease/illness/injury e.g. immunisation

Question 19

Describe what is meant by secondary prevention

Answer 19

Early detection of presymptomatic disease an treatment of disease to prevent progression

Question 20

Give examples of secondary prevention measures

Answer 20

Screening programmes

Occupational screening

Question 21

Describe what is meant by tertiary prevention

Answer 21

o Reduces consequences of disease and disability and prevents deterioration.
o Limiting disability and enhancing quality of life in individuals with disease

Question 22

Describe what is meant by primordial prevention

Answer 22

Broader social and environmental circumstances that predispose society to disease

Question 23

What does congruence mean, in the context of communication?

Answer 23

When body language and verbal language match

Question 24

What percentge of the population are attending the GP for care at any point in time?

Answer 24

19%