Definitions

Question 1

Agora

Answer 1

The center of athletic, artistic, spiritual, political commercial life of the city.

Question 2

Peitho

Answer 2

goddess of persuasion

Question 3

Direct democracy (of Athens)

Answer 3

government directly by the people

Question 4

Logographos

Answer 4

logos (speech) and graphein (to write): assistance from legal consultancy to writing the entire speech of defense or prosecution.

Question 5

Rhetor

Answer 5

public speaker = the citizen who spontaneously addressed the Assembly

Question 6

Sophist

Answer 6

Gnoseological-(philosophy of knowledge) relativism: there is no eternal, definite truth to which discourse has to conform but rather multiple truths that speech can being according to circumstance and need.
Plato believed that sophists were dishonest since they used tools of rhetoric to advance any point even if it was not true.

Question 7

Practical wisdom (according to Thomas Aquinas)

Answer 7

Intellectual virtues and moral virtues: confer an aptness in the intellect for grasping the truth or producing something well-made but they do not guarantee that the processor will use them appropriately.
Moral virtues cannot be used for evil purposes
Only one intellectual virtue cannot be misused: Practical wisdom (prudentia) Right reason of things to be done. Good deliberation/judgement about the means to a good end and correct execution.

Question 8

Persuasion (according to its etymology)

Answer 8

Through sweetness
Per=Greek ‘through’
Suasion= ‘sweet’ (old pre-indo European root)
Greek Mythology Peitho-Greek goddess

Question 9

Hellenism (Hellenistic culture)

Answer 9

The emergence of the Roman empire

Question 10

Visual rhetoric

Answer 10

pictures and advertisements

Question 11

Antimetabole (and give an example)

Answer 11

a literary and rhetorical device in which a phrase or sentence is repeated, but in reverse order. Ex from Socrates, “Eat to live not live to eat.”

Question 12

Allegory

Answer 12

sustained metaphor continued through whole sentences or discourse.

Question 13

Simile (and give an example)

Answer 13

a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ).

Question 14

Encomium

Answer 14

a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.

Question 15

Enthymeme

Answer 15

an argument in which one premise is not explicitly stated.

Question 16

Argumentum ad baculum

Answer 16

appeal to force or threat

Question 17

Argumentum ad hominem

Answer 17

Attack of the person not the argument

Question 18

Rhetorical criticism

Answer 18

an approach to communication, which constitutes a systematic investigation of symbolic artifacts and analysis and interpretation of persuasive uses of communication.