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NBCOT > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.

A

Dysarthria (ARTiculation is in the word)

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2
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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3
Q

Loss of motor control/coordination upon movement

A

Ataxia . Seen in MS, as a medication side effect,

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4
Q

Undershooting (hypometria)

Overshooting (hypermetria)

A

Dysmetria

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5
Q

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

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6
Q

Inability to initiate voluntary movements; lack of movement

A

Akinesia

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7
Q

characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, falling, agitation, aggression

A

Sundowner syndrome

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8
Q

meaningless imitation of another person’s movements

A

Echopraxia

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9
Q

Immobility or rigidity

A

Catatonia

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10
Q

repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech

A

stereotypy

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11
Q

inner tension; excessive motor and cognitive activity usually non productive

A

psychomotor agitation

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12
Q

associated with brain pathology; restless, sometimes aggressive or destructive activity

A

hyperactivity

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13
Q

decreased or slowed motor and cognitive activity

A

psychomotor retardation

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14
Q

state of restlessness characterized by an urgent need for movement; side effect of medication

A

akathisia

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15
Q

speech delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive irrelevant details

A

circumstantiality

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16
Q

abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic

A

tangentiality

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17
Q

disorder of the logical progression of thoughts where seemingly unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one subject to another

A

loosening of associations

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18
Q

responses that are given only when spoken to directly

A

non spontaneous speech

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19
Q

inability to name objects

A

nominal aphasia

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20
Q

the inability to understand and interpret the significance of sensory input. the inability to recognize people and objects is ____

A

agnosia
visual agnosia
Example: cannot recognize toothbrush and requires touch to identify it

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21
Q

the inability to carry out specific motor tasks in the absence of sensory or motor impairment

A

apraxia

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22
Q

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

A

adiadochokinesia

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23
Q

subjective sensation of unreality about oneself or the environment

A

depersonalization

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24
Q

subjective sense that the environment is unreal

A

derealization

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25
Q

state of depersonalization, involving travel or relocation taking on another identity/amnesia for own identity

A

fugue

26
Q

disorder in which individual has developed two or more distinct personalities

A

dissociative identity disorder

27
Q

characterized by an involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory.

A

dissociation

28
Q

This type of memory is clinically important since you need to remember future actions in order to live safely and independently (appointments, medications, turning stove off)

A

Prospective memory

29
Q

inability to recall past experiences or personal identity

A

amnesia

30
Q

difficulty experiencing pleasure

A

anhedonia

31
Q

decreased thought and speech

A

alogia

32
Q

lack of energy

A

anergia

33
Q

mood swings. Possible manifestations of emotional dysregulation include angry outbursts or behavior outbursts such as destroying or throwing objects, aggression towards self or others, and threats to kill oneself.

A

lability

34
Q

loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.

A

Aphasia

35
Q

involuntary, non repetitive occasionally stereotyped movements affecting muscles in varying combos; indicates basil ganglia damage. present in dystonic and athetoid CP

A

Dyskinesia

36
Q

results in sustained abnormal POSTURES and disrupts ongoing movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone; involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements

A

Dystonia (dystonic CP)

37
Q

brief, purposeless, involuntary movements proximally (shoulders, hips, face); overactivity in basil ganglia

A

chorea

38
Q

brief, rapid contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles (seizure)

A

myoclonus

39
Q

involuntary flinging motions of the extremities; often violent, continuous, random

A

hemiballismus

40
Q

the integration/interpretation of sensory impressions received from the environment into psychologically meaningful information

A

perception

41
Q

a breakdown in knowledge of how to perform a task; a lack of knowledge regarding object use ; sensorimotor system may be intact

A

ideational apraxia

Example: using a toothbrush as a hairbrush and cannot sequence the steps to brush teeth

42
Q

loss of access to kinesthetic memory so that purposeful movement cannot be achieved because of ineffective motor planning although sensation, movement and coordination are intact. the person cannot perform a task upon direction but can on his/her own

A

ideomotor apraxia
Example: person is clumsy with an awkward grasp; trouble crossing midline, bilateral activities and with manipulating objects

43
Q

ability to organize thoughts with steps properly sequenced

A

organization/sequencing

Example: putting shoes on before pants or leaving steps of the activity out like washing hands without soap

44
Q

inability to discriminate between R and L sides or apply to environment

A

right-left indiscrimination

45
Q

loss of awareness of body parts as well as relationship of body parts to each other and objects. ___ is a disorder that results in diminished awareness of body structure and a failure to recognize body parts as one’s own.

A

body scheme disorder
Asomatognosia (type of body scheme disorder)
Example: attempt to dress therapists arm or brush the teeth of mirror image

46
Q

difficulty relating objects to each other or to the self secondary to a loss of spatial concepts (prepositions: up/down)

A

spatial relations impairment

Example: has difficulty with orienting shirt to put on (Sebastian); undershooting to pick up glass of milk

47
Q

Failure to respond to/report unilateral stimuli on side of body contralateral to lesion

A

unilateral body neglect

Example: shaving one side of face without incorporating involved limbs

48
Q

neglect, inattention to stimuli presented in extra personal space contralateral to lesion

A

unilateral spatial neglect

Example: cannot find food on left side of plate

49
Q

an inability to distinguish foreground from background

A

figure ground dysfunction

50
Q

unawareness of motor deficit possibly related to lack of insight regarding disabilities

A

anosognosia

51
Q

the acquired inability to perform calculations
“ “ to read
“ “ to write

A

Acalculia
Alexia
Agraphia

52
Q

Inability to name objects or retrieve names of people

“ “ to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, smells without absent memory or sensation

A

Anomia

Agnosia

53
Q

The continuation or repetition of a motor act or task

A

Perseveration
Example: continuing to wash one arm, terminating hand to mouth pattern when bowl is empty, repeating the same task (Dressing, undressing, dressing)

54
Q

an irreversible neurological condition caused by prolonged use of neuroleptic medications. Causes repetitive, involuntary movements, such as grimacing and eye blinking.

A

Tardive dyskinesia

55
Q

returning to an earlier stage of development to avoid conflict or tension (mom does this), e.g. becoming needy or child-like during a period of stress

A

regression

56
Q

Rigid separating of positive and negative thoughts and of feelings (e.g. staff members may be considered all good or bad when they may provoke anxiety in treatment)

A

Splitting

57
Q

the conversion of psychological symptoms into physical illness

A

Somatization

58
Q

blocking painful memories and anxiety provoking thoughts

A

Repression

59
Q

the switching of unacceptable impulses into its opposite (e.g. hugging someone you would like to hit)

A

Reaction formation

60
Q

redirecting energy from socially unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable activities, e.g. an angry individual channels anger into aggressive sports play

A

Sublimation

61
Q

consciously avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, thoughts or feelings, e.g. cleaning room or going on vacation while waiting for NBCOT exam results

A

Suppression

NBCOT (4 decks)

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