Definitions Flashcards
Difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.
Dysarthria (ARTiculation is in the word)
Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Loss of motor control/coordination upon movement
Ataxia . Seen in MS, as a medication side effect,
Undershooting (hypometria)
Overshooting (hypermetria)
Dysmetria
Inability to perform rapid alternating movements
Dysdiadochokinesia
Inability to initiate voluntary movements; lack of movement
Akinesia
characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, falling, agitation, aggression
Sundowner syndrome
meaningless imitation of another person’s movements
Echopraxia
Immobility or rigidity
Catatonia
repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech
stereotypy
inner tension; excessive motor and cognitive activity usually non productive
psychomotor agitation
associated with brain pathology; restless, sometimes aggressive or destructive activity
hyperactivity
decreased or slowed motor and cognitive activity
psychomotor retardation
state of restlessness characterized by an urgent need for movement; side effect of medication
akathisia
speech delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive irrelevant details
circumstantiality
abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic
tangentiality
disorder of the logical progression of thoughts where seemingly unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one subject to another
loosening of associations
responses that are given only when spoken to directly
non spontaneous speech
inability to name objects
nominal aphasia
the inability to understand and interpret the significance of sensory input. the inability to recognize people and objects is ____
agnosia
visual agnosia
Example: cannot recognize toothbrush and requires touch to identify it
the inability to carry out specific motor tasks in the absence of sensory or motor impairment
apraxia
inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
adiadochokinesia
subjective sensation of unreality about oneself or the environment
depersonalization
subjective sense that the environment is unreal
derealization
state of depersonalization, involving travel or relocation taking on another identity/amnesia for own identity
fugue
disorder in which individual has developed two or more distinct personalities
dissociative identity disorder
characterized by an involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory.
dissociation
This type of memory is clinically important since you need to remember future actions in order to live safely and independently (appointments, medications, turning stove off)
Prospective memory
inability to recall past experiences or personal identity
amnesia
difficulty experiencing pleasure
anhedonia
decreased thought and speech
alogia
lack of energy
anergia
mood swings. Possible manifestations of emotional dysregulation include angry outbursts or behavior outbursts such as destroying or throwing objects, aggression towards self or others, and threats to kill oneself.
lability
loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.
Aphasia
involuntary, non repetitive occasionally stereotyped movements affecting muscles in varying combos; indicates basil ganglia damage. present in dystonic and athetoid CP
Dyskinesia
results in sustained abnormal POSTURES and disrupts ongoing movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone; involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements
Dystonia (dystonic CP)
brief, purposeless, involuntary movements proximally (shoulders, hips, face); overactivity in basil ganglia
chorea
brief, rapid contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles (seizure)
myoclonus
involuntary flinging motions of the extremities; often violent, continuous, random
hemiballismus
the integration/interpretation of sensory impressions received from the environment into psychologically meaningful information
perception
a breakdown in knowledge of how to perform a task; a lack of knowledge regarding object use ; sensorimotor system may be intact
ideational apraxia
Example: using a toothbrush as a hairbrush and cannot sequence the steps to brush teeth
loss of access to kinesthetic memory so that purposeful movement cannot be achieved because of ineffective motor planning although sensation, movement and coordination are intact. the person cannot perform a task upon direction but can on his/her own
ideomotor apraxia
Example: person is clumsy with an awkward grasp; trouble crossing midline, bilateral activities and with manipulating objects
ability to organize thoughts with steps properly sequenced
organization/sequencing
Example: putting shoes on before pants or leaving steps of the activity out like washing hands without soap
inability to discriminate between R and L sides or apply to environment
right-left indiscrimination
loss of awareness of body parts as well as relationship of body parts to each other and objects. ___ is a disorder that results in diminished awareness of body structure and a failure to recognize body parts as one’s own.
body scheme disorder
Asomatognosia (type of body scheme disorder)
Example: attempt to dress therapists arm or brush the teeth of mirror image
difficulty relating objects to each other or to the self secondary to a loss of spatial concepts (prepositions: up/down)
spatial relations impairment
Example: has difficulty with orienting shirt to put on (Sebastian); undershooting to pick up glass of milk
Failure to respond to/report unilateral stimuli on side of body contralateral to lesion
unilateral body neglect
Example: shaving one side of face without incorporating involved limbs
neglect, inattention to stimuli presented in extra personal space contralateral to lesion
unilateral spatial neglect
Example: cannot find food on left side of plate
an inability to distinguish foreground from background
figure ground dysfunction
unawareness of motor deficit possibly related to lack of insight regarding disabilities
anosognosia
the acquired inability to perform calculations
“ “ to read
“ “ to write
Acalculia
Alexia
Agraphia
Inability to name objects or retrieve names of people
“ “ to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, smells without absent memory or sensation
Anomia
Agnosia
The continuation or repetition of a motor act or task
Perseveration
Example: continuing to wash one arm, terminating hand to mouth pattern when bowl is empty, repeating the same task (Dressing, undressing, dressing)
an irreversible neurological condition caused by prolonged use of neuroleptic medications. Causes repetitive, involuntary movements, such as grimacing and eye blinking.
Tardive dyskinesia
returning to an earlier stage of development to avoid conflict or tension (mom does this), e.g. becoming needy or child-like during a period of stress
regression
Rigid separating of positive and negative thoughts and of feelings (e.g. staff members may be considered all good or bad when they may provoke anxiety in treatment)
Splitting
the conversion of psychological symptoms into physical illness
Somatization
blocking painful memories and anxiety provoking thoughts
Repression
the switching of unacceptable impulses into its opposite (e.g. hugging someone you would like to hit)
Reaction formation
redirecting energy from socially unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable activities, e.g. an angry individual channels anger into aggressive sports play
Sublimation
consciously avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, thoughts or feelings, e.g. cleaning room or going on vacation while waiting for NBCOT exam results
Suppression
