Definitions Flashcards
In osteoporosis, do you get more trabecular bone loss or cortical bone loss?
Trabecular bone loss
%age of females with hip fractures that are admitted to nursing home
50%
Osteomalacia
Bone demineralization caused by impaired calcium, vitamin d or phosphate metabolism
What does PTH do to phosphate
Increases phosphate excretion to increase calcium reabsorption
What does Vitamin D do to calcium
Increases calcium absorption
What is the bone tissue density of osteomalacia
Normal
%age of people with hip fractures that die within 30 days and within 1 year
8-9% will die within 30 days
25-30% will die within 1 year
____% of fractures of in people > 45 yo is related to osteoporosis
70%
What structure is affected in DISH?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
Excessive bone growth characterized by ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and extra spinal ligaments
How do you prevent and treat osteomalacia
Sun exposure and vitamin D
Most common cause of osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiency
What does PTH do to osteoclasts
Activates them
Most common metabolic bone disease
Osteoporosis
What does vitamin D do in the intestines
Increases Calcium and phosphate absorption
What does PTH do to vitamin D
Stimulates formation of vitamin D by converting inactive Vit D to active form of Vit D
3 most common locations for osteoporotic fractures
Spine, hip, wrist
MCC of osteoporosis
Post-menopausal
Most common cause of secondary osteoporosis
Corticosteroids, which inhibit osteoblasts
What does vitamin D do to the kidneys
Increases reabsorption of Ca and phosphorus
What makes up most of the bone turnover, cortical or trabecular bone?
Trabecular bone
What is the best predictor for future fractures
History of fracture as an adult
Female athlete triad
Eating disorder, menstrual disorder, low bone mass density
What does calcitonin do to osteoclasts
Inhibits them
Type I vs Type II vs Type III osteoporosis
Type I = postmenopausal
Type II = age-associated or senile
Type III = acquired or medication-induced
What’s more metabolically active - cortical or trabecular bone?
Trabecular
Does trabecular bone or cortical make up most of the skeleton
Cortical bone
