Definitions

Question 1

Downsizing

Answer 1

involves workplace staff
reductions, with the elimination of jobs
and positions.

Question 2

Outsourcing

Answer 2

is the contracting of
some organisational operations to
outside suppliers.

Question 3

Social responsibility

Answer 3

is the obligations a business has over and above its legal responsibilities to the wellbeing of employees and customers, shareholders and the community as well as the environment.

Question 4

Ethical management

Answer 4

refers to the process of abiding by moral standards and doing the ‘right’ thing in the interests of all stakeholders.

Question 5

Management hierarchy

Answer 5

is the arrangement that provides increasing

authority at higher levels

Question 6

Planning

Answer 6

is the process of setting objectives and deciding on the methods to achieve them.

Question 7

Policy

Answer 7

A policy is an established set of broad guidelines to be followed by all employees
in an organisation.

Question 8

Corporate code of conduct

Answer 8

is a set of ethical standards for managers and employees to uphold.

Question 9

Productivity

Answer 9

is a measure of efficiency — the amount of output produced compared to the amount of input required in production.

Question 10

Business competitiveness

Answer 10

refers to the ability of an organisation to sell products in a market.

Question 11

Facilities design and layout

Answer 11

involves planning the layout of workspace to streamline the production process.

Question 12

Quality

Answer 12

refers to the degree of excellence of goods or services and their fitness for a stated purpose.

Question 13

Total quality management

Answer 13

is an ongoing, organisation-wide commitment to excellence that is applied to every aspect of the organisation’s operation.

Question 14

A human resource manager

Answer 14

coordinates all the activities involved
in acquiring, developing, maintaining
and terminating employees from an
organisation’s human resources.

Question 15

Human resource management

Answer 15

the effective management of the formal relationship between the employer and employees.

Question 16

Job security

Answer 16

is the belief that the employee will not lose their job.

Question 17

Motivation

Answer 17

refers to the individual, internal process that directs, energises and sustains a person’s behaviour.

Question 18

Termination

Answer 18

when an employee leaves a particular workplace,

ending the employment relationship.

Question 19

Redundancy

Answer 19

occurs when the job a person does is no longer necessary, usually due to technological changes, restructuring or a merger or acquisition.

Question 20

Retrenchment

Answer 20

occurs when a business dismisses an employee because there is not enough work to justify paying
them.

Question 21

Conciliation

Answer 21

occurs when a third party participates in the resolution of a dispute and attempts to help resolve the differences through discussion.

Question 22

Arbitration

Answer 22

occurs when a ‘judge’ or a panel of ‘judges’ hears both arguments in a dispute in a more formal court-like setting and determines the outcome.

Question 23

Change

Answer 23

is any alteration in the internal or external environments.for example, change in consumer tastes or change in employee expectations.

Question 24

Organisational change

Answer 24

is the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organisation.

Question 25

Driving forces

Answer 25

are those forces that support the change.

Question 26

Restraining forces

Answer 26

are those forces that work against the change.

Question 27

change management process

Answer 27

is the sequence of steps that a manager would follow for the successful implementation and adoption of change.

Question 28

Manipulation

Answer 28

is the devious exertion of influence over someone to get them to do what you want.

Question 29

Corporate social responsibility

Answer 29

involves managing organisational processes in order to produce an overall positive impact on the community.

Question 30

Outsourcing

Answer 30

is the contracting of some organisational operations to outside suppliers.

Question 31

Staff turnover

Answer 31

a measure of the number of staff who are leaving the organisation.

High staff turnover indicates staff are unhappy or dissatisfied with the job or organisation, while low staff turnover can reflect that people are satisfied with their position.

Question 32

Market share

Answer 32

Market share is the proportion of sales belonging to an organisation out of the total sales in the industry or market, often measured as a percentage figure.

For example, Cadbury owns 70% market share in a country in the chocolate industry.