definitions Flashcards
welfare
the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.
social welfare
Social welfare policy is defined as acts, laws and rules that help to improve the lives of people in the community. An example of a social welfare policy is one that ensures better healthcare for all.
state
a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
welfare state
a system whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the UK were laid by the Beveridge Report of 1942
collectivism
Collectivism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the significance of groups—their identities, goals, rights, outcomes, etc.—and tends to analyze issues in those terms
social citizenship
Social citizenship was a term first coined by T.H. Marshall, who argued that the ideal citizenship experience entails access to political, civil and social rights in a state.
Social rights
Economic, social and cultural rights are socio-economic human rights, such as the right to education, right to housing, right to adequate standard of living, right to health and the right to science and culture.
social policy
Social policy is a term which is applied to various areas of policy, usually within a governmental or political setting (such as the welfare state and study of social services
Beveridge
a report about social conditions in Britain produced in 1942 by a committee led by the economist William Beveridge (1879-1963). It led to the post-war development of the welfare state. Check pronunciation: the Beveridge Report.
Postwar welfare settlement
The post-war consensus is a name given by historians to an era in postwar British political history, from the end of World War II in 1945 to the election of conservative Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister in 1979.[1] The concept claims there was a widespread public policy consensus that covered support for collectivism, a mixed economy, and a welfare state.[2]
Social democracy
a socialist system of government achieved by democratic means.
“there was a growth of social democracy through an extension of the rights of citizens”
Redistribution
Any process, such as inflation or taxation or the provision of social services, that reallocates household income. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
citizen / basic income
A Citizen’s Income is an unconditional, automatic and nonwithdrawable payment to each individual as a right of citizenship
Income maintanance
is not a precise term but in principle it means broadly those state provisions which enhance the capacity to earn an income, or narrowly those which sustain a level of income or reduce living expenses when normal sources fail.
housing
houses and flats considered collectively.
health care
the organized provision of medical care to individuals or a community.
inequality
difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality.
entitlement
the fact of having a right to something.
conditionality
In political economy and international relations, conditionality is the use of conditions attached to the provision of benefits such as a loan, debt relief or bilateral aid.
Risk pooling
A risk pool is one of the forms of risk management mostly practiced by insurance companies. Under this system, insurance companies come together to form a pool, which can provide protection to insurance companies against catastrophic risks such as floods, earthquakes etc
Welfare to work
(in the UK) the government policy of encouraging unemployed people and others receiving state benefits to find a job, for example by paying a fee to their new employers.
ideology
a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
neoliberalism
Neoliberalism is a policy model of social studies and economics that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector from the public sector.
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
In-work poverty
individuals living in households where the household income is below the poverty threshold despite one member of the household working either full or part time. The poverty threshold is defined as under 60% of the average household income (before housing costs).
pre-distribution
closest thing that Ed Miliband’s Labour has to a coherent governing strategy. Both the Balls and Miliband speeches have bought Labour desperately needed economic and political credibility.
path dependent
idea that decisions we are faced with depend on past knowledge trajectory and decisions made, and are thus limited by the current competence base. In other words, history matters for current decision-making situations and has a strong influence on strategic planning.
Decommodification
strength of social entitlements and citizens’ degree of immunization from market dependency. It is the process of viewing utilities as an entitlement, rather than as a commodity that must be paid or traded for.
