definitions

Question 1

welfare

Answer 1

the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.

Question 2

social welfare

Answer 2

Social welfare policy is defined as acts, laws and rules that help to improve the lives of people in the community. An example of a social welfare policy is one that ensures better healthcare for all.

Question 3

state

Answer 3

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.

Question 4

welfare state

Answer 4

a system whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the UK were laid by the Beveridge Report of 1942

Question 5

collectivism

Answer 5

Collectivism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the significance of groups—their identities, goals, rights, outcomes, etc.—and tends to analyze issues in those terms

Question 6

social citizenship

Answer 6

Social citizenship was a term first coined by T.H. Marshall, who argued that the ideal citizenship experience entails access to political, civil and social rights in a state.

Question 7

Social rights

Answer 7

Economic, social and cultural rights are socio-economic human rights, such as the right to education, right to housing, right to adequate standard of living, right to health and the right to science and culture.

Question 8

social policy

Answer 8

Social policy is a term which is applied to various areas of policy, usually within a governmental or political setting (such as the welfare state and study of social services

Question 9

Beveridge

Answer 9

a report about social conditions in Britain produced in 1942 by a committee led by the economist William Beveridge (1879-1963). It led to the post-war development of the welfare state. Check pronunciation: the Beveridge Report.

Question 10

Postwar welfare settlement

Answer 10

The post-war consensus is a name given by historians to an era in postwar British political history, from the end of World War II in 1945 to the election of conservative Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister in 1979.[1] The concept claims there was a widespread public policy consensus that covered support for collectivism, a mixed economy, and a welfare state.[2]

Question 11

Social democracy

Answer 11

a socialist system of government achieved by democratic means.
“there was a growth of social democracy through an extension of the rights of citizens”

Question 12

Redistribution

Answer 12

Any process, such as inflation or taxation or the provision of social services, that reallocates household income. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

Question 13

citizen / basic income

Answer 13

A Citizen’s Income is an unconditional, automatic and nonwithdrawable payment to each individual as a right of citizenship

Question 14

Income maintanance

Answer 14

is not a precise term but in principle it means broadly those state provisions which enhance the capacity to earn an income, or narrowly those which sustain a level of income or reduce living expenses when normal sources fail.

Question 15

housing

Answer 15

houses and flats considered collectively.

Question 16

health care

Answer 16

the organized provision of medical care to individuals or a community.

Question 17

inequality

Answer 17

difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality.

Question 18

entitlement

Answer 18

the fact of having a right to something.

Question 19

conditionality

Answer 19

In political economy and international relations, conditionality is the use of conditions attached to the provision of benefits such as a loan, debt relief or bilateral aid.

Question 20

Risk pooling

Answer 20

A risk pool is one of the forms of risk management mostly practiced by insurance companies. Under this system, insurance companies come together to form a pool, which can provide protection to insurance companies against catastrophic risks such as floods, earthquakes etc

Question 21

Welfare to work

Answer 21

(in the UK) the government policy of encouraging unemployed people and others receiving state benefits to find a job, for example by paying a fee to their new employers.

Question 22

ideology

Answer 22

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Question 23

neoliberalism

Answer 23

Neoliberalism is a policy model of social studies and economics that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector from the public sector.

Question 24

Capitalism

Answer 24

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 25

In-work poverty

Answer 25

individuals living in households where the household income is below the poverty threshold despite one member of the household working either full or part time. The poverty threshold is defined as under 60% of the average household income (before housing costs).

Question 26

pre-distribution

Answer 26

closest thing that Ed Miliband’s Labour has to a coherent governing strategy. Both the Balls and Miliband speeches have bought Labour desperately needed economic and political credibility.

Question 27

path dependent

Answer 27

idea that decisions we are faced with depend on past knowledge trajectory and decisions made, and are thus limited by the current competence base. In other words, history matters for current decision-making situations and has a strong influence on strategic planning.

Question 28

Decommodification

Answer 28

strength of social entitlements and citizens’ degree of immunization from market dependency. It is the process of viewing utilities as an entitlement, rather than as a commodity that must be paid or traded for.