Definitions

Question 1

What is the tarsal gland also known as?

Answer 1

Meibomian Gland - secrete an oily product

Question 2

What is the third eyelid also known as?

Answer 2

Nictitiating membrane

Question 3

What percentage of the tears does the lacrimal gland produce?

Answer 3

70%

Question 4

What 3 layers is the tear film split in to and what is in them?

Answer 4

Lipid layer: On top, secreted by the meibomian glands. Avoids evaporation of the aqueous part.

Aqueous Layer: Middle and most abundant layer. Contains water and many solutes and defense mechanisms that include immunoglobulins and lactoferin

Mucus Layer: Innermost part, secreting by the corneal epithlial cells and the goblet cells (mucus producing cells) of the conjunctiva

Question 5

What does the anterior segment contain?

Answer 5

Anterior Chamber: Space between the cornea and and the iris

Posterior Chamber: Space between the iris and the lens

Question 6

What does the posterior segment contain?

Answer 6

Vitreous Body/Gel
Fundus (retina/choroid/sclera)
Fundic Reflex/Tapetal Reflex

Question 7

What is the anatomical pathway that light travels?

Answer 7

Tear Film - Cornea - Anterior and Posterior Chambers - Lens - Vitreous Humour - Retina

Question 8

What is the neural pathway light travels once it has reached the photoreceptors?

Answer 8

Rods and Cones - Inner Retina - Ganglion Cells - Nerve fibre Layer - Optic Disk- Optic Nerve - Optic Chiasm - Optic tract - LGN - Optic radiation - Visual Cortex

Question 9

What does Trichiasis mean?

Answer 9

Normal hair against eye

Question 10

What does distichiasis mean?

Answer 10

Eyelash grows down through the meibomium glands and rubs on eye

Question 11

What does ectopic cilium mean?

Answer 11

Hair that grows does through the conjuctiva and rubs on eye

Question 12

Entropion is what?

Answer 12

Turning in of the eyelids

Question 13

Ectropion is what?

Answer 13

Turning out of the eyelids

Question 14

Ptosis is what?

Answer 14

drooping of the upper eyelid

Question 15

What is epiphora?

Answer 15

Cheek staining from tears

Question 16

What is hyperaemia?

Answer 16

Increased blood flow to an area of the body

Question 17

Chemosis is what?

Answer 17

Oedma of the conjunctiva

Question 18

What should you not do with Cherry eye?

Answer 18

cut it out completely as you will tear out the lacrimal gland

Question 19

What is uveitis?

Answer 19

Low pressure in the eye

Question 20

Anterior Synechia is ?

Answer 20

When the iris contacts the cornea

Question 21

Posterior Synechia is?

Answer 21

When the iris fuses to the lens

Question 22

What is aqueous flare?

Answer 22

Light reflecting off the protiens in the anterior chamber

Usually found in patients with inflammation of the anterior chamber

Question 23

Hypopion is?

Answer 23

inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye (leukocytes)
Yellow exudate

Question 24

Hyphema is?

Answer 24

Haemorrhage in the eye

Question 25

Miosis is?

Answer 25

constriction of the pupil

Question 26

Photophobia is?

Answer 26

physical pain upon light to the eye

Question 27

Mydriasis is?

Answer 27

dilation of the pupil

Question 28

Dyscoria is?

Answer 28

abnormal shape of the pupil

Question 29

Anisocoria is?

Answer 29

different sized pupils

Question 30

Glaucoma is?

Answer 30

High pressure in the eye

Question 31

Nuclear sclerosis is?

Answer 31

an age-related change in the density of the crystalline lens nucleus that occurs in all older animals

Question 32

PRA stands for what?

Answer 32

Progressive retinal atrophy

Question 33

nyctalopia is?

Answer 33

a condition characterized by an abnormal inability to see in dim light or at night, typically caused by vitamin A deficiency.

Question 34

hemeralopia is?

Answer 34

inability to see in bright light