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Grade 8 Social Studies > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Urban

A

Living in a city.

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2
Q

Rural

A

Living in the country.

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3
Q

Middle Ages/ Medieval Times

A

The time in European history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance from about 500 a.d. to about 1350

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4
Q

Silk Road.

A

The name given to the trade routes of the Mediterranean in the west to the Pacific Ocean.

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5
Q

Imperialism

A

The extension of power over a territory, including its people and resources.

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6
Q

Expansionism

A

The actions and attitudes of a state of country whose goal is to expand its power and territory.

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7
Q

Vernacular

A

The language commonly spoken by the people that live in the region.

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8
Q

Catholicism

A

The faith and practice of the Catholic Church

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9
Q

Smallpox

A

A disease brought by Europeans brought to the Americas, killing millions of people

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10
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

A disease spread by fleas on rats, killing millions of people.

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11
Q

Black Death

A

A form of bubonic plague

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12
Q

Renaissance

A

The re-birth of classical Greek and Roman ideas.

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13
Q

Hierarchy

A

A social system in which status is ranked and power is concentrated in the higher ranks

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14
Q

Muslims

A

A believer or follower of Islam

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15
Q

Feudal System

A

A political organization during the Middle Ages in which the lord owned the land and all others served him.

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16
Q

Scribe

A

A person who copied books

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17
Q

Heresy

A

Opposing Church teachings.

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18
Q

Bias

A

A type of prejudice rooted in a persons point of view.

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19
Q

Copernicus

A

A Polish astronomer and mathematician that discovered that the Earth is a planet that revolves around a stationary sun.

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20
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Architect, inventor, engineer, painter and musician, he painted the Mona Lisa

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21
Q

Artistic perspective

A

The technique of representing objects in paintings as they appear to the eye.

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22
Q

Indigenous

A

The first inhabitants of an area

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23
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

An Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the Earth was round and attempted to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe, thereby reaching America in 1492. He made three subsequent voyages to the Caribbean in his quest for a sea route to Asia.

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24
Q

Nobles

A

Possessing hereditary rank in a political system or social class derived from a feudalistic stage of a countries development. They could own land.

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25
Q

Humanism/humanist

A

A mode of thought or action in which human interests, values and dignity are very important.

26
Q

Classical learning

A

Borrowing ideas from the Greeks and Romans

27
Q

Indulgences

A

Certificates that reduced the time people would be punished for their sins after they died.

28
Q

Crusades

A

Christian military expeditions.

29
Q

Holy Land

A

A place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam.

30
Q

City-State

A

A politically independent city and the rural area around it.

31
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

The religious movement whose object was the reform of the Roman Catholic Church. The protestants protested against the Church’s refusal to allow ‘reform’ and that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches.

32
Q

Monastery

A

A house in which a community of monks lives.

33
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

A german astronomer and mathematician. Considered the founder of modern astronomy, he formulated three laws to describe how planets revolve around the sun.

34
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

An Italian astronomer and physicist. The first to use a telescope to study the stats in 1610. He was an outspoken advocate of Copernicus’ theory which led to his persecution and imprisonment by the Inquisition.

35
Q

Calpolli

A

Units of organization of Aztec society, members of a calpolli lived in the same neighbourhood and worshipped at the same temple.

36
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

The capital of the Aztec empire; founded in 1325, and was destroyed in 1521, now the site of Mexico City.

37
Q

Dona Marina

A

An indigenous woman who played an active and powerful role in the Spanish conquest in Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, and translator for cortes.

38
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

A Spanish explorer who is famous mainly for his march across Mexico and his conquering of the Aztec Empire in Mexico

39
Q

Lake Texcoco

A

The lake in which Tenochtitlan is situated part of an interconnected series of 5 lakes

40
Q

Reconquista

A

The Christian re-conquest of Spain from the Muslims.

41
Q

Monarchy

A

A form of government ruled by a king or queen

42
Q

Spanish inquisition

A

1480-1834, a state run system of courts in Spain where non-Catholics were put on trial.

43
Q

King Ferdinand/Queen Isabella

A

The king and queen of Spain, united Spain as one country, they instituted the Spanish Inquisition and supported the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492

44
Q

Monarch

A

King, queen, emperor or empress; a nations ruler usually by birth right

45
Q

Stone Calender

A

Shows the importance of their gods ad well as the accuracy of their astronomical discoveries

46
Q

Missionaries

A

Men and woman from religious orders who taught and converted people to Christianity.

47
Q

Chinampa

A

Floating islands built in water to grow crops

48
Q

Edo Period

A

1600-1853, also known as the Tokugawa Period. Japan was isolated during this time

49
Q

Shogun

A

Military ruler in Edo Japan.

50
Q

Confucianism

A

The system of ethics and education taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

51
Q

Meiji Period

A

1867-1868, the Edo period ended in the Meiji restoration. The emperor Meiji was moved from Kyoto to Tokyo, and his imperial power was restored. The actual political power was transferred into the hands of of a small group of nobles and former samurai. Meiji means Enlightened Rule

52
Q

Exclusion Laws

A

Laws passed by the shogunate in order to tighten controls on the movement within Japan

53
Q

Seclusion

A

Separation from society

54
Q

Arable

A

Land suitable for farming and agriculture

55
Q

Commodore Mathew Perry

A

The first American to arrive an Japan; prompted by Perry, Japan opened their doors to the rest of the world after existing in isolation for almost 200 years; forced unequal treaties on Japan.

56
Q

Shogunate

A

A strong council of advisors , officials, and administrators.

57
Q

Daimyo

A

A powerful Japanese noble or landowner

58
Q

Samurai

A

Professional and paid members of the Japanese military.

59
Q

Isolationism

A

A national policy to reject political or economic relations with other countries.

60
Q

Alternate Attendance

A

The practice of forcing the Daimyo to move from their home provinces to live in Edo every other year.

Grade 8 Social Studies (2 decks)

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