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0
Q

Mechanical mixture

A

a mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter

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1
Q

Particle theory of matter

A

a theory that describes the composition and behavior of matter

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2
Q

Alloys

A

a solid solution of two or more metals

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3
Q

Qualitative property

A

a property of a substance that is not measured and does not have an numerical value

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4
Q

Physical change

A

a change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced

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5
Q

Characteristic physical property

A

a physical property that is unique to a substance and that can be used to identify the substance

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6
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler chemical substance by any physical or chemical means

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7
Q

Compound

A

a pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined

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8
Q

Non-metal

A

an element, usually a gas or dull powdery solid that does not conduct heat or electricity

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9
Q

Pure substance

A

a substance that is made up of only one type of particle

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10
Q

Solution

A

a uniform mixture of two or more substances

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11
Q

Physical properties

A

a characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance

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12
Q

Quantitative property

A

a property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value

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13
Q

Chemical change

A

a change in the starting substance or substances and the production of one or more new substances

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14
Q

Density

A

a measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume of a substance

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15
Q

Element symbol

A

an abbreviation for a chemical element

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16
Q

Metals

A

an element that is lustrous, malleable and ductile, and conducts heat and electricity

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17
Q

Metalloid

A

an element that has properties of both metals and non-metals

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18
Q

Chemical family

A

a column of elements with similar properties on the periodic table

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19
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of an element

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20
Q

Protons

A

a positively charged particle in the atom’s nucleus

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21
Q

Atomic number

A

the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

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22
Q

Isotope

A

an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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23
Q

Chemical formula

A

notation that indicates the type and number of atoms in a pure substance

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24
Molecular compound
a molecule that consists of two or more different elements
25
Anion
a negatively charged ion
26
Covalent bond
a bond formed when two non-metal atoms share electrons
27
Periods
A row on the periodic table
28
Electrons
A negatively charged particle in an atom
29
Neutrons
A neutral particle in the atom's nucleus
30
Atomic mass
The mass of an atomic in atomic mass units
31
Bohr-Rutherford diagram
A simple drawing that shows the numbers and locations of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
32
Molecular element
A molecule consisting of atoms in the same element
33
Cation
A positively charged ion
34
Ionic compound
A compound that consists of positively and negatively charged ions
35
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction
36
Ecology
The scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment
37
Biosphere
The zone around Earth where life can exist
38
Lithosphere
Earth's solid outer layer
39
Biotic factors
Living things, their remains, such as nests, associated with their activities
40
Stainability
The ability to maintain an ecological balance
41
Bioaccumulation
The concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, in the body of an organism
42
Photosynthesis
The process in which the sun's energy is converted into chemical energy
43
Cellular respiration
The process by which sugar is converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy
44
Ecological niche
The function a species serves in its ecosystem, including what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves
45
Ecosystems
All the living organisms and their physical and chemical environment
46
Atmosphere
The layer of gases surrounding Earth
47
Hydrosphere
All of the Earth's water in solid, liquid and gas form
48
Abiotic factors
The non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem
49
Radiant energy
Energy that travels through empty space
50
Thermal energy
The form of energy transferred during heating or cooling
51
Producer
An organism that makes its own energy-rich food compounds using the Sun's energy
52
Consumer
An organism that obtains its energy from consuming other organisms
53
Food chain
A sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one organism to another
54
Trophic level
The level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position along food chain
55
Ecological pyramid
A representation of energy, numbers, or biomass relationships in ecosystems
56
Biogeochemical cycle
The movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment
57
Carbon cycle
The biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is cycled through the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere
58
Limiting factors
Any factor that restricts the size of a population
59
Carrying capacity
The maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain
60
Succession
The gradual and usually predictable changes in the composition of a community and the abiotic conditions following a disturbance
61
Invasive species
A non-native species whose intentional or accidental introduction negatively impacts the natural environment
62
Monoculture
The cultivation of a single drop in an area
63
Leaching
The process by which nutrients are removed from the soil as water passes through it
64
Food web
A representation of the feeding relationship within a community
65
Biomass
The mass of living organisms in a given area
66
Water cycle
The series of processes that cycle water through the environment
67
Nitrogen cycle
The series of processes in which nitrogen compounds are moved through the biotic and abiotic environment

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