Definitions

Question 0

Crystalline rocks

Answer 0

Form directly from magma and volcanic activity

Question 1

geomorphology

Answer 1

The shape of an environment

Question 2

Fragmentary rocks form after

Answer 2

crystalline rocks have been broken down by weathering, transported, accumulated in deposits, then formed into rocks by heat and pressure of deep burial - lithification

Question 3

Mineral

Answer 3

Naturally occurring mineral, limited range of chemical composition

Question 4

Rock

Answer 4

Combination of many minerals, few rocks are formed of a single mineral - marble (calcite) and quartzite (Quartz)

Question 5

Igneous rocks

Answer 5

Cooling and crystallisation of magma. Mixture of several minerals.

Question 6

Basalt

Answer 6

Forms oceanic crust

Question 7

Andesite

Answer 7

Forms continental crust, lower density than basalt.

Question 8

Partial melting

Answer 8

Silicate minerals, lower melting temps.

Question 9

Fractional crystallisation

Answer 9

Silicate minerals with higher melting temps may crystallise as magma rises to cooler parts of the crust.

Question 10

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 10

Fragmentary rocks, brought together by sedimentation.

Question 11

Metamorphic

Answer 11

Crystalline - undergone a process of change through heat and pressure, often by deep burial.

Question 12

Crystalline structure of metamorphic rocks

Answer 12

Crystalline components are changed into different minerals. Layered appearance. Crystal growth is at right angles to show a squeezed out appearance of crystals.

Question 13

Hydrolysis is

Answer 13

The breakdown by water

Question 14

Hydration is

Answer 14

Part physical and part chemical absorption of water by minerals

Question 15

Oxidation is the

Answer 15

Addition of oxygen to a chemical compound, often accompanies hydrolysis. Always accompanied by a reduction.

Question 16

Reduction is

Answer 16

The removal of oxygen from a compound during a reaction.

Question 17

Key elements that make up the Earths crust

Answer 17

Oxygen 45.2%
Silicon 27.4%
Aluminium 8%

Question 18

Silicate minerals that make up the Earths crust

Answer 18

Oxygen 45.2% and silicon 27.4%

Question 19

Aluminosilicate minerals that make up the Earths crust

Answer 19

Silicon 27.4% and aluminium 8%