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Physics > Definitions 2: Forces, Dynamics, WEP > Flashcards

Definitions 2: Forces, Dynamics, WEP Flashcards

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1
Q

Newton’s 1st Law Of Motion

A

An object continues to be in a state of rest or in motion with constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force.

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2
Q

Inertia

A

The resistance to change in the condition of rest or

motion of a body.

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3
Q

Mass

A

The property of the body that resists change in motion.

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4
Q

Weight

A

The force acting on it due to a gravitational field.

W=mg

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5
Q

Linear momentum

A

The product of a body’s mass and its velocity.

p=mv

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6
Q

Newton’s 2nd Law Of Motion

A

The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it and takes place in the direction of the resultant force.

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7
Q

Force

A

The rate of change of momentum.

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8
Q

Weightlessness

A

The state where the body does not experience the effects of contact forces.

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9
Q

Impulse

A

The product of the force and the time duration of the impact.

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10
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

A

When body A exerts a force on body B, force on body A is equal in magnitude to force on body B from A. Both forces are in opposite directions but of the same kind.

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11
Q

Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum

A

The total linear momentum of a system remains constant provided that no resultant external force acts on the system.

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12
Q

Elastic collision

A

Collision in which no kinetic energy is lost.

Kinetic energy of colliding bodies is conserved.

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13
Q

Inelastic collision

A

Collision where kinetic energy is not conserved (more specifically kinetic energy is lost).

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14
Q

Perfectly inelastic collision

A

The colliding bodies will coalesce (stick) with one another

and move off with the same velocity.

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15
Q

1 N (newton)

A

The magnitude of force that accelerates a mass of 1kg at a rate of 1ms^(-1) in the direction of the force.

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16
Q

Field

A

A region of space within which a force is experienced by a particle as a result of the physical property such as mass or charge.

17
Q

Centre of gravity

A

A single point where all the weight of a body seems to act.

18
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

The gravitational force per unit mass acting on a point mass placed at that point.

19
Q

Electric field

A

A region of space within which an electric force is experienced by a charge.

20
Q

Electric field strength

A

The electric force per unit positive test charge acting on a point stationary charge placed at that point.

21
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

States that the change in length x of a material is directly proportional to the force F applied on it, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

F=kx

22
Q

Static Friction

A

The frictional force that acts when there is no relative motion between 2 surfaces.

23
Q

Kinetic Friction

A

The frictional force that acts when two surfaces slide against each other.

24
Q

Pressure

A

The normal force acting per unit area.

25
Q

Upthrust

A

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged fully or partially in the fluid due to the difference in pressure exerted by the fluid on the upper and lower surfaces of the object.

26
Q

Moment of a force about a point

A

The product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the point from the line of action of the force.

moment = Fd

27
Q

Torque of a Couple

A

The product of the magnitude of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of the forces.

28
Q

Principle of Moments

A

States that when a body is in rotational equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about any point must be equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point.

29
Q

Work done

A

Work done by a force is the product of the force and the distance moved in the direction of the force.

30
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion speed.

31
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy of a mass due to its position in a gravitational field.
GPE=mgh

32
Q

Elastic potential Energy

A

Elastic potential energy is the ability to do work by the object when it is deformed, eg compressed or stretched.
EPE = 0.5kx^2

33
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy can be converted from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed. The total energy of an isolated system is always constant.

34
Q

Power

A

The rate of work done.

35
Q

Efficiency

A

Useful work done by energy input / power output by power input (in percentage)

Physics (8 decks)

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