Definitions

Question 1

Independent variable

Answer 1

The variable the researcher manipulates to observe its effect

Question 2

Dependent variable

Answer 2

Variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation
(E.g- if a study was about the correlation between sleep and grades, the IV is sleep and the DV is the grades. It will change depending on the IV)

Question 3

Operationalisation

Answer 3

Defining variables in measurable terms (eg. Measuring happiness on a scale of 1-10)

Question 4

Control variables

Answer 4

Variables kept constant to avoid falsifying results

Question 5

Confounding variables

Answer 5

Uncontrolled variables that could affect the DV and IV
(Eg, if studying the effect of exercise, the confounding variable will be one’s diet)

Question 6

Random assignment

Answer 6

Participants are randomly assigned to a group to reduce bias