Definitions

Question 1

Exon

Answer 1

Part of the gene that is retained in the mature RNA and is transcribes

Question 2

Introns

Answer 2

Noncoding and are removed through splicing

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

Position on a chromosome

Question 4

Marker

Answer 4

A measurable unit on a chromosome that shows a certain degree of variability

Question 5

Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP

Answer 5

single position where there is a change of 1 nucleotide for another

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

Variation of the sequence at a specific position

Question 7

Phase

Answer 7

Allelic combination inherited from each parent

Question 8

Haplotype

Answer 8

set of alleles inherited together from a single parent

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Fundamental unit of heredity

Question 10

Law of independent assortment

Answer 10

The alleles of 2 or more different genes assort independently into gametes

Question 11

Law of segregation

Answer 11

The 2 alleles of each gene segregate independently from one another during the formation of gametes

Question 12

Hypermorph

Answer 12

an allele that produces an increased amount of product

Question 13

Hypomorph

Answer 13

an allele that produces a reduced amount of product

Question 14

Antimorph

Answer 14

an allele whose activity/product antagonizes the activity of the normal product

Question 15

Neomorph

Answer 15

An allele with a novel activity or product

Question 16

Orthologs

Answer 16

aa conserved across species

Question 17

Paralogs

Answer 17

aa conserved between members of a gene family

Question 18

Test cross

Answer 18

An experimental cross of an individual organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype and an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype/phenotype

Question 19

Crossing over

Answer 19

The reciprocal exchange of homologous chromatid segments, involving the breaking and rejoining of DNA

Question 20

Chiasma

Answer 20

Site on the homologous chromosome where crossover occurs