Definitions

Question 1

Watershed modelling

Answer 1

processing and analysis of raw data to understand and predict spatial and temporal hydrologic changes at some scale

used for policies, decisions, and monitoring

Question 2

hydrological cycle

Answer 2

interactions an dprocesses of water throughout the environment

includes surface runoff, aquifers, groundwater, infiltration, etc

Question 3

Blue water

Answer 3

• physical, liquid water
• aquifers and rivers
• pumpable and usable

Question 4

Green water

Answer 4

Flow: transpiration and evaporation
Storage: soil moisture and water supply in vegetation

Question 5

Internal

Answer 5

generated inside a catchment

Question 6

internal renewable

Answer 6

average annual flow of rivers and recharge of aquifers generated within a jurisdiction

Question 7

external

Answer 7

generated outside of a catchment, whether flowing in or out

Question 8

renewable

Answer 8

• based on precipitation or snowmelt
• rainfall, snowfall, snowmelt
• 0.4% of world’s water supply

Question 9

fossil water

Answer 9

• non renewable
• glaciers, ice, permafrost, groundwater feeding rivers
• 99.6% of world water supply

not fed by precipitation or snowmelt

Question 10

natural

Answer 10

internal and external renewable water

Question 11

actual

Answer 11

internal and external water resources plus anthropegnic impact

internal water resources + inflow - outflow

Question 12

return flow

Answer 12

groundwater (or aquifer water) above the river bed that returns to the surface
- allows rivers to flow without precipitation

Question 13

catchment/watershed

Answer 13

highest elevation that can drain into that catchment/basin

large scale, not political borders

Question 14

field scale

Answer 14

small scale

Question 15

groundwater models

Answer 15

concern surface hydrologic processes

Question 16

groundwater feeding rivers

Answer 16

river fed by high groundwater/aquifer levels and not precipitation or melt

return flow fed

groundwater levels are higher than the base of the river bed so it seeps out into the river

Question 17

evaporation

Answer 17

water loss directly from soil or body of water

overland process

Question 18

(evapo)transpiration

Answer 18

water loss from vegetation

overland process

Question 19

infiltration

Answer 19

saturation of water into the ground

into soil, rivers, lakes, groundwater, plants, etc

overland process

Question 20

soil-plant-forest interactions

Answer 20

hydrologic interactions between the ground and vegetation

surface runoff, transpiration rate, infiltration rate, etc

Question 21

lateral/subsurface flow

Answer 21

unsatured zone becomes saturated and water flows below ground

not groundwater or return flow but can feed rivers

overland process

Question 22

groundwater recharge/percolation

Answer 22

water infiltrates and percolates down into deep or shallow aquifers, refillng them

recharged aquifers can feed a river - return flow

overland process

Question 23

internal overlap

Answer 23

overlap between groundwater and surface water calculations

auqifers can feed rivers so you shouldn’t include same amount of water twice

Question 24

dependency ratio

Answer 24

• total renewable resources originating outside the country
• total actual external/total actual * 100 = DR

higher DR=lower security

Question 25

water scarcity

Answer 25

when an individual does not have access to enough safe and affordable water to meet all their needs

but no actual commonly accepted definition

Question 26

aquifer

Answer 26

permeable rock/sediment that can contain or transmit groundwater

Question 27

groundwater

Answer 27

• water held underground in soil, pores, crevices in rock
• saturated zones underground