Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Learning Your Airplane > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Left Turning Tendency

A

A/c may veer to left during takeoff because application of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vy

A

Best rate of climb
74 knots
Highest altitude at less time
Just below the 10 degree pitch mark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vx

A

Best angle of climb
62 knots
Highest altitude at less distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Four fundamentals of flight

A

Climbs
Descents
Turns
Straight & level flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Straight & level flight

A

Not turning,holding altitude
Cowling, angle of wing tip to horizon, attitude indicator
Pitch nose to horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Four forces of flight

A

Lift
Drag
Weight
Thrust

Thrust = drag & lift = weight: straight unaccelerated flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A

As air is forced over the top of the wing, it speeds up, & pressure decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Airfoil

A

Shape of wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Camber

A

Curve of airfoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chord line

A

Imaginary line connecting leading and trailing edge in an airfoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relative wind

A

Opposite direction of flight path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leading edge and trailing edge

A

Leading edge is the beginning of an airfoil
Trailing edge is the end of an airfoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Angle of attack

A

AOA
Angle between relative wind and wing chord line
If AOA is too great, it’ll disrupt the production of lift
Lift reduced, drag increased = stall (15-20 degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Three axes of rotation

A

Vertical axis
Lateral axis
Longitudinal axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vertical axis

A

Through a/c
Rotates about to the L/R
Rudder controls Yaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lateral axis

A

Wing to wing
Rotation up/down
Elevator controls pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

Nose to tail
Rotation side/side
Ailerons controls roll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three types of turns

A

Shallow
Medium
Steep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shallow

A

20 degrees or less
Aileron & rudder must be held

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medium

A

20 to 45 degrees
Little aileron & rudder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Steep

A

45 degrees or more
Opposite aileron & rudder needed
Over banking tendency: bc o/s wing flies a bigger arc & travels greater distance than inside wing
Bigger arc = more distance = faster = more lift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Centripetal force

A

Any force towards the center of the turn (horizontal lift)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Centrifugal force

A

A force acting outward on a body moving around a center , arising from the body’s inertia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bank turn

A

Vertical component opposing weight
Horizontal component that pulls a/c into turn
Turn = lower vertical lift, a/c descend
- to prevent, increase AOA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Load Factor

A

The total lift the wings produce, divided by weight of a/c (measured in Gs)
Ratio of increased lift to actual a/c weight
Increased LF = Increased angle of bank, flying in turbulence, pulling out of a dive
- cause increase stall speed (reach critical AOA faster) (bank angles more than 30 degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stability

A

The tendency to return to straight and level flight
- if it gets disturbed, it’ll cycle through a few oscillations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the max load factor for normal category?

A

3.8 Positive Gs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the max load factor for utility category?

A

4.4 positive Gs

29
Q

What is the minimum load factor for normal category?

A

1.52 negative Gs

30
Q

What is the minimum load factor for utility category?

A

1.76 negative Gs

31
Q

What is the relation between load factor and the aircraft?

A

If loaded and operated accordingly than the airframe can withstand a load factor of up to 3.8 times the a/c max gross weight w/o structural damage

32
Q

What causes excessive airframe stress?

A

High airspeed
high load factor

33
Q

What do you do when experncing turbulence?

A

Reduce airspeed to maneuvering speed, VA

34
Q

Maneuvering Speed

A

Max speed you can apply full deflection of any one control and not cause structural damage
SINGLE deflection of a SINGLE CONTROL

35
Q

Full control deflection

A

Moving any control surface (ailerons, rudders, elevator) until you hit the stops

36
Q

What are the pros and cons of full control deflection

A
  • cause a/c to exceed critical AOA and stall before exceeding load factor limits
  • damage may be caused by deflection of more than one control surface at once or repeated control deflections
  • used when flying in turbulence or performing maneuvers that could impose increased load factor
37
Q

What is the relationships between VA & Weight?

A

More Weight = Increased VA
Less Weight = Decreased VA

38
Q

What is the suggested VA in a 172SP?

A

105 KTS @2550lbs
98 KTS @2200lbs
90 KTS @1900

39
Q

When is it best to have mixture leaned?

A

Cruise flight or above 3000ft MSL

40
Q

When is it best to have mixture richened?

A

Maneuvers below 3000ft MSL

41
Q

What do you avoid to prevent rapidly cooling the engine? Why?

A

Extended descents at idle b/c it stresses the cylinder head and could cause it to crack

42
Q

If transitioning from a descent/climb to straight & level, what is the best vertical climb rate

A

About a 10% vertical climb rate level off

43
Q

What are the types of drag?

A

Induced drag
Parasite drag

44
Q

Induced Drag

A

Caused by the production of lift & varies inversely w/ speed
Airspeed goes up then induced drag goes down
Airspeed goes down then induced drag goes up

45
Q

Parasite Drag

A

Caused by the a/c moving through air
Varies directly w/ speed
When airspeed increases then parasite drag increases
When airspeed decreases then parasite drag decreases

46
Q

What is total drag?

A

Induced drag + parasite drag

47
Q

Define best glide speed

A

Where total drag is the least and is located at the lowest point on the total drag curve and highest ratio of lift

48
Q

What is the relationship between glide speed, distance, and weight?
think seven

A
  • an a/c will glide the greatest distance when power is off (no wind conditions) if flown at a specific airspeed for the total weight
  • reduce glide speed by 5% for every 10% below max gross weight
  • less weight = slower glide speed
  • more weight = faster glide speed
  • 9 to 1: every 1000ft you can glide 9000ft (1.5 miles) with no wind
  • less glide distance if flaps used or flying faster/slower then best glide speed
  • glide speed changes w/ weight (distance does not)
49
Q

What are the four causes of a/c left turning tendencies?

A
  • torq
  • propeller factor
  • slipstream effect
  • gyroscopic pression
50
Q

Torq

A

Newtons 3rd law: for every action there is an opposite & equal reaction
Ex: propeller rotates to right, a/c will roll/yaw to the left

51
Q

Propeller Factor

A

P factor or Asymmetrical Thrust
One side of propeller produces more thrust hence yaws to the left, results with high AOA

52
Q

Slipstream Effect

A
  • when air is pulled in by the propeller is rotated and sent backwards
  • strikes vertical stabilizer and rudder on left side (tail)
  • yaws to left, rolls to rights about longitudinal axis affecting vertical surfaces above longitudinal axis
53
Q

Aerodynamic Compensations at cruise speed

A
  • engine slightly points to the right
  • trailing edge of vertical stabilizer ( or itself ) may be canted to the right
  • left wing greater AOA
54
Q

Relationship between rudders, power, and speed

A

High power & Low speed = Right Rudder (climb & slow flight)
Low Power & High speed = Left Rudder ( descent w/ power)

55
Q

Gyroscopic Pression

A

Deflection of spinning rotor
- force applied to change axis of rotation (90 degrees in direction of rotation where applied)
- causes to change pitch attitude
- Nose down: effective forward force at top of propeller, 90 degrees to right, pushes nose to right
- Nose up: effective forward force at bottom of propeller,90 degrees to left, pushes nose to left

56
Q

When is left turning tendency most pronounced

A

When a/c is flying at low airspeed with engine at high power setting

57
Q

How to control left turning tendencies

A

Right rudder: high power & low airspeed
Left rudder: low power & high airspeed
- when you feel like your body is pushed to the right/left, put right/left rudder (INERTIA)

58
Q

When to keep right rudder

A

While throttle is pushed forward
T/O
Off ground to compensate for loss of steering control
Climbing

59
Q

Ground Effect

A

When flying within one wingspan to ground

60
Q

Causes & Restrictions of Ground Effect

A

Causes:
- changes airflow around wind: less drag, more lift, fly @slower speed, float
- less airflow to top of the wing, creates a horizontal whirlpool of air called a vortex within the wake of an aircraft and wingtip vortices (wake turbulence) streaming from the wingtips

Restrictions:
- vertical component of airflow around wing alters upwash, downwash and wing tip vortices
- can lift off at airspeed too slow (less lift = more drag) & possibility of settling back to runway or increasing distances to clear an obstacle
- may overshoot / extra floating distance

61
Q

Longitudinal stability

A

Pitch Stability
Inherently stable about the lateral axis (wingtip to wingtip)

62
Q

Positive Static Stability

A

The initial tendency of nose to come back up (or to its original position)

63
Q

Positive Dynamic Stability

A

The tendency over time of the dampening oscillations to get smaller
YOU NEED POSITIVE STATIC STABILITY TO HAVE DYNAMIC

64
Q

Neutral Static Stability

A

A/c stays in displaced position

65
Q

Negative Static Stability

A

A/c continues in same direction as it’s being displaced

66
Q

How is longitudinal stability determined?

A

By the CG in relation to the location of the CL

67
Q

What is the relations between CG, CL, and stability?

A
  • The further forward the CG is from the CL, it causes more downward force on the tail hence more stability
  • The closer the CG is to the CL, it reduces the downward force on the tail, hence les stability
  • If CG is too far aft (rearward): negatively stable when disturbed, stall recovery becomes difficult/impossible
  • If CG is too far forward: a/c will be difficult to maneuver & rotating during t/o may be impossible bc may not be able to raise nose from runway
68
Q

When will CG move?

A

When any of the weight distributions changes
- fuel weights, pax weights, baggage loading

Learning Your Airplane (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions