Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 513 Final Exam > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolution

A

change in allele frequencies in a population over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural Selection

A

the unequal REPRODUCTION of individuals in a population of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adaptation

A

Within a population, adaptation occurs when some individuals over generational time (not within generation), increase in their ability to leave offspring, on average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pleiotropy

A

one gene has many effects; ex: sickle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epistasis

A

one trait is affected by several genes; ex: huntingtons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allometry

A

Unequal rates of growth of the parts of an organism
Can be within a species or between species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heterochrony

A

The different or changing time bases for ontogenetic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ontogeny

A

continual development of an individual organism from fertilization to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acceleration

A

an earlier expression of a trait (timing) or the increase in the allometric constant for a trait within a lineage over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retardation

A

a later expression of a trait (timing) or the decrease in the allometric constant for a trait within a lineage over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Recapitulation

A

An organism attains the ancestor’s adult characteristics during its juvenile stage of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Paedomorphosis

A

The retention of the ancestor’s juvenile characteristics into the adult stage of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macroevolution

A

The origins of new species (and higher taxonomic groups)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

A biological species is composed of groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that can produce fertile offspring and are reproductively isolated from other such groups - Focus on natural population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Habitat Isolation

A

do not encounter each other because live in different habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ethological Isolation

A

Behavioral differences between individuals that prevent the from considering the other an appropriate mate

17
Q

Mechanical Isolation

A

Incompatibility between genital systems of potential mates

18
Q

Gamete incompatibility

A

Gametes meet but they are incompatible, no zygote formed

19
Q

Zygote mortality

A

Zygote forms but ceases to develop very early

20
Q

Hybrid inviability

A

Zygote forms, goes to term, does not live long

21
Q

Hybrid sterility

A

Zygote goes to term, hybrid often (not always) quite vigorous physically but sterile

22
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A

Speciation that occurs because of extrinsic barriers between populations that allow intrinsic barriers to evolve

23
Q

Vicariance model of allopatric speciation

A

a large population is divided more or less equally by a barrier to gene exchange

24
Q

Peripatric model of allopatric speciation

A

Small number of individuals from parent population found a new population at a biologically significant difference away from the parent population

25
Q

Parapatric speciation

A

Evolution of reproductive isolation (i.e., speciation) between two populations with overlapping borders but distributed geographically with conditions changing dramatically from one region to the other

Requires low fitness of intergrade individuals and adaptations to highly contrasting regions

26
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Evolution of reproductive isolation in a potentially randomly mating population. No geographic variation is involved

27
Q

Cladistics

A

Wherever an organism is on the tree of life, it is related to everything else

28
Q

Hennigian Species Concept

A

Species are separate branches of a phylogenetic tree. Each species, or branch, is bounded by a splitting, or cladogenic, event at its origin and, in most cases (i.e., those species no longer extant), by a splitting, or cladogenic event at its demise.

29
Q

Apomorphies

A

A unique character or state of a character that is derived from what the presumed ancestor had

30
Q

Plesiomorphies

A

The original state of a character

31
Q

Cladogram

A

Visual representation of relationships as we hypothesize them to be at the moment

32
Q

Homoplasy

A

The independent evolution of solutions to an environmental demand in 2 separate clades.

33
Q

Principle of Parsimony

A

The best explanation is the simplest one that accounts for all the data because it is the most likely one

34
Q

Polytomy

A

When evolutionary relationships unclear, sometimes see cladogram with polytomy

35
Q

Cladogenesis

A

the breaking of a lineage into 2 daughter lineages

36
Q

Anagenesis

A

change in a character state within a lineage over time

37
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

stasis punctuated by rapid change

Bio 513 Final Exam (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions