DEFINITIONS

Question 1

what is empeiria?

Answer 1

means experience, human knowledge is based predominantly on experiences of the senses

Question 2

what is techne?

Answer 2

concept that refers to making or doing

Question 3

what is sophistry?

Answer 3

subtle deceptive reasoning or argumentation, a fallacious argument

Question 4

definition of philosophy

Answer 4

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Question 5

what is rhetoric?

Answer 5

art of persuasion, speaking or writing effectively

Question 6

what is virtue ethics?

Answer 6

treats virtue and character as the primary subjects of ethics, defines good actions as ones that display embody virtuous character traits (ex. courage)

Question 7

what is consequentialism?

Answer 7

the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences, the judgement about the rightness or wrongness of a conduct

Question 8

what is deontology?

Answer 8

the study of nature of duty and obligation, determine whether an action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles

Question 9

what are intrinsic goods?

Answer 9

good in the virtue of what it is, good in the value of itself

Question 10

what are extrinsic goods?

Answer 10

good in the virtue of the relations in which it stands to things outside of itself

Question 11

what are groundless pleasures?

Answer 11

experiences or sources of enjoyment that cannot be justified or supported by any rational, moral, or logical grounds.

Question 12

what are natural desires?

Answer 12

necessary desires, ex. desire for food, shelter, etc., easy to satisfy, difficult to eliminate, bring great pleasure when satisfied

Question 13

what is the consequentialist theory of morality?

Answer 13

whether something is good or bad it depends on its outcomes

Question 14

what is the non-consequentialist theory of morality?

Answer 14

moral rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its inherent characteristics or principles, rather than the outcomes or consequences it produces.

Question 15

what is moral relativism?

Answer 15

used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgements across different peoples and cultures

Question 16

what is absolutism?

Answer 16

political system in which one ruler or leader has complete power and authority over a country

Question 17

what is objectivism?

Answer 17

man as a heroic being, human knowledge and values are objective, they exist and are determined by the nature of reality, to be discovered by one’s mind, and are not created by the thoughts one has

Question 18

what are hypothetical imperatives?

Answer 18

Kant, rule of conduct that is understood to apply to an individual if they desire a certain end and have chosen to act on that desire

Question 19

what are categorical imperatives?

Answer 19

central in deontology, way of evaluating motivations for action

Question 20

what is happiness?

Answer 20

existence, nature, and attainment of happiness, can be understood as the moral goal of life

Question 21

what are positive rights?

Answer 21

rights that provide something that people need to secure their well being

Question 22

what are negative rights?

Answer 22

rights that protect some form of human freedom or liberty. ex. right to privacy

Question 23

what is the harm principle?

Answer 23

person’s liberty justifiably restricted to prevent harm to others caused by that person

Question 24

what is the principle of paternalism?

Answer 24

person’s liberty justifiably restricted to prevent harm to self caused by that person

Question 25

what is the principle of legal moralism?

Answer 25

person’s liberty justifiably restricted to prevent that person’s immoral behaviour

Question 26

what is the offence principle?

Answer 26

person’s liberty justifiably restricted to prevent offence to others caused by that person

Question 27

what is moral absolutism?

Answer 27

there is always one right answer to any ethical question