Definitions

Question 1

Cocci/coccus

Answer 1

Ball-shaped or spherical (e.g. staphylococcus)

Question 2

Bacilli/bacillus or rods

Answer 2

Cylindrical shaped

Question 3

Vibrios

Answer 3

Cylindrical but slightly curved

Question 4

Spirilla/spirillum

Answer 4

Coiled twice or more into a rigid helix

Question 5

Spirochetes

Answer 5

Spiraled, corkscrew shaped resembling a spring

Question 6

Branching or filamentous

Answer 6

Multiple branches off a rod structure [used to be classified as fungi]

Question 7

Pleomorphism/pleomorphic

Answer 7

Variety in appearance of the same species

Question 8

Pallisades arrangement.

Answer 8

When a chain of cells remain attached and folds back (snaps) forming a row of cells side-by-side like a stack of coins.

Question 9

Polar (in relation to flagella):

Answer 9

attached at one or both ends.

Question 10

Monotrichous:

Answer 10

singular flagellum.

Question 11

Lophotrichous:

Answer 11

small bunch of flagella on one site.

Question 12

Amphitrichous:

Answer 12

on both ends

Question 13

Peritrichous:

Answer 13

Random attachment of flagella.

Question 14

Fimbria:

Answer 14

Small, bristle like fibers found on only some gram negative cells. Form biofilms.

Question 15

Pilus:

Answer 15

Long, rigid tubular structure used for conjugation.

Question 16

Glycocalyx:

Answer 16

External coating that protects the cell from the environment, sustains shape, and allows adhesion. Slime layers and capsules.

Question 17

Slime layer:

Answer 17

Loose structure, prevents loss of water and nutrients.

Question 18

Capsule:

Answer 18

Tightly boundstructure, thick and dense. Produce a sticky, mucoid characteristic.

Question 19

Who invented the gram stain?

Answer 19

Danish physician, Hans Christian Gram.

Question 20

What is the cell envelope made of?

Answer 20

Cell wall, cell membrane, and in some bacteria an outer membrane.

Question 21

Gram positive:

Answer 21

Thick cell wall and membrane

Question 22

Gram negative:

Answer 22

Outer membrane, and thin cell wall and cell membrane

Question 23

Serotype:

Answer 23

Members of a species that have a unique response to antibodies due to distinct surface molecules.