Bacteria Flashcards
Describe bacteria cell walls. Describe prokaryotes cell structure.
Bacteria—rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Prokaryotes— also rigid in comparison to eukaryotes
What are the 5 things all bacterial cells have?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and chromosome(s).
What do majority of bacterial cells have?
Cell wall and a glyocalyx (surface structure).
What do some bacterial cells have? (8 things)
Flagella, outer membrane, pili, fimbrae, plasmids, inclusions, endospores, or intracellular membranes.
Which characteristic of bacterial cells have the most variety? Why?
Typically cocci. Due to the different ways the cells divide.
Which characteristic of bacterial cells have the least variety? Why?
Bacilli. They divide only in the transverse plane.
Which characteristic forms short chains? Which rarely remains attached?
Spirilla. Spirochetes.
What are periplasmic flagella or axial filaments? What is special about them?
Internal flagella between all wall and cell membrane of spirochetes. Creates distinct wiggling.
What appendages are associated w/motility? Attachment?
Flagella and axial filaments. Pili and fimbria
What lacks a cell wall entirely? What bacteria has cell walls neither positive or negative?
Mycoplasmas. Mycobacterium spp.
What is the innermost of the layer cell envelope?
Cell membrane or outer membrane
Where is genetic material located?
Bacterial chromosome is in a dense region called nucleoid.
What are plasmids and what are they used for?
Small fragments of DNA. Used in conjugation which can create drug resistance, toxin and enzyme production. Important in genetic engineering.
What is the purpose of inclusions (granules)?
Storage units
How do cytoskeletons affect cells?
Play a role in cell division (and keeping shape).
