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Science Term 2 2023 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

An atom is a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons

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2
Q

Proton

A

A small, positively charged particle of matter found in the atoms of all elements.

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3
Q

Neutron

A

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but has a neutral charge, located in the nucleus and present in all elements except hydrogen

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4
Q

Electron

A

a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

An atomic nuclei consist of positively charged particles (protons) and uncharged particles (neutrons)

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6
Q

Element

A

Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. They are distinguished by the amount of protons, also called atomic number.

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7
Q

Atomic Number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and determines its place in the periodic table.

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8
Q

Mass Number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

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9
Q

Group

A

a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements

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10
Q

Period

A

A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same amount of shells

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11
Q

Orbital/Shell

A

the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus.

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12
Q

Valence Electron

A

a valence electron is an electron located in the outer shell of an atom and determines the element’s chemical properties and whether it may bond with other elements

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13
Q

Compound

A

A compound consists of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded

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14
Q

Monatomic Ion

A

A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of one atom

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15
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A

A Polyatomic ion is agroup of atoms bonded together
The group of atoms as a whole has a charge

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16
Q

Ionic Bond

A

type of linkage formed from the attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.

17
Q

Physical Reaction

A

Rearranges molecules but doesn’t affect their internal structures. Some examples of physical reaction are: whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new substance is produced) or ice into water, water into gas etc.

18
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. These include photosynthesis, rust, baking, digestion etc.

19
Q

Reactants

A

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction

20
Q

Products

A

a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction

21
Q

Acid

A

a substance with particular chemical properties including turning litmus red, neutralizing alkalis, and dissolving some metals; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.

22
Q

Base

A

a substance that can accept hydrogen ions in water and can neutralize an acid

23
Q

Strong Acid

A

A strong acid is an acid that completely ionizes in an aqueous solution.

24
Q

Weak Acid

A

A weak acid is an acid that partially ionizes in an aqueous solution

25
Q

Concentrated

A

(of a substance or solution) present in a high proportion relative to other substances

26
Q

Dilute

A

(of a liquid) made thinner or weaker by having had water or another solvent added to it

27
Q

pH Scale

A

The pH scale measures how acidic an object is. Objects that are not very acidic are called basic. The scale has values ranging from zero (the most acidic) to 14 (the most basic).

28
Q

Indicator

A

any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a color change, of the presence or absence of a chemical species, such as an acid or an alkali in a solution.

29
Q

Anion

A

a negatively charged ion, i.e. a non-metal

30
Q

Cation

A

a positively charged ion, i.e. a metal

31
Q

MASH

A

Metal + Acid = Salt + Hydrogen Gas

32
Q

BASH

A

Base + Acid = Salt + Water (H20)

33
Q

CASHCOW

A

Carbonate + Acid = Salt + Water (H20) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

34
Q

Halogen

A

Group 7 in the periodic table

35
Q

Ionic Compound

A

any of a large group of chemical compounds consisting of oppositely charged ions,

36
Q

Salt

A

substance produced by a reaction between an acid and base or metal or carbonate

37
Q

Carbonate

A

Group of CO3 molecules

Science Term 2 2023 (6 decks)

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