Definitions Flashcards
Atom
An atom is a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons
Proton
A small, positively charged particle of matter found in the atoms of all elements.
Neutron
a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but has a neutral charge, located in the nucleus and present in all elements except hydrogen
Electron
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Nucleus
An atomic nuclei consist of positively charged particles (protons) and uncharged particles (neutrons)
Element
Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. They are distinguished by the amount of protons, also called atomic number.
Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and determines its place in the periodic table.
Mass Number
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
Group
a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements
Period
A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same amount of shells
Orbital/Shell
the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus.
Valence Electron
a valence electron is an electron located in the outer shell of an atom and determines the element’s chemical properties and whether it may bond with other elements
Compound
A compound consists of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded
Monatomic Ion
A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of one atom
Polyatomic Ion
A Polyatomic ion is agroup of atoms bonded together
The group of atoms as a whole has a charge
Ionic Bond
type of linkage formed from the attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.
Physical Reaction
Rearranges molecules but doesn’t affect their internal structures. Some examples of physical reaction are: whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new substance is produced) or ice into water, water into gas etc.
Chemical Reaction
a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. These include photosynthesis, rust, baking, digestion etc.
Reactants
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
Products
a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction
Acid
a substance with particular chemical properties including turning litmus red, neutralizing alkalis, and dissolving some metals; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.
Base
a substance that can accept hydrogen ions in water and can neutralize an acid
Strong Acid
A strong acid is an acid that completely ionizes in an aqueous solution.
Weak Acid
A weak acid is an acid that partially ionizes in an aqueous solution
Concentrated
(of a substance or solution) present in a high proportion relative to other substances
Dilute
(of a liquid) made thinner or weaker by having had water or another solvent added to it
pH Scale
The pH scale measures how acidic an object is. Objects that are not very acidic are called basic. The scale has values ranging from zero (the most acidic) to 14 (the most basic).
Indicator
any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a color change, of the presence or absence of a chemical species, such as an acid or an alkali in a solution.
Anion
a negatively charged ion, i.e. a non-metal
Cation
a positively charged ion, i.e. a metal
MASH
Metal + Acid = Salt + Hydrogen Gas
BASH
Base + Acid = Salt + Water (H20)
CASHCOW
Carbonate + Acid = Salt + Water (H20) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Halogen
Group 7 in the periodic table
Ionic Compound
any of a large group of chemical compounds consisting of oppositely charged ions,
Salt
substance produced by a reaction between an acid and base or metal or carbonate
Carbonate
Group of CO3 molecules
