Atoms and Compounds Flashcards
What is an Element
Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. They are distinguished by the amount of protons, also called atomic number.
What is an Atom
Everything is made up of matter and all matter is made of atoms. All atoms are made of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the outer shell.
What are compounds
Compounds are chemical substances made up of 2 or more elements that are chemically bound
Types of Compounds
Ionic and Covalent
Ionic Compounds
Ionic Compounds are created by a positive ion and a negative ion being attracted to one another. This occurs when a metal and a non-metal bond. E.g. Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride
Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are created when elements share electrons in their outer shell to gain a full outer shell. E.g. Carbon + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide
Polyatomic Ions
A groups of ions bonded together
Monatomic Ion
A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of exactly one
Ionic Bonds
formed between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms
Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.
What is an ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons