Definitions Flashcards
What is the study of people in small groups?
Micro Sociology
What is the study of people and how they relate to society?
Sociology
Who is the father of Sociology?
Augiste Comte
What is the study of large groups and entire societies?
Macro Sociology
What is a group of people that form a group?
Aggregate
Status, class, party
Max Weber’s Social Stratification (3)
A social group with intense intimacy
Primary Group
Group that shares the same goals but looser ties
Secondary Group
Emotional intensity of the attachments in a group
Social Solidarity
Unfriendly interaction between groups
Social Conflict
A variable the researchers have direct control over
Independent Variable
The idea that society is a system
Functional Perspective
Two elements in a society that are in conflict
Conflict Perspective
One variable effects another variable
Causation
Where people of different ages are studied at one particular time
Cross Sectional Studies
Where people are followed over a long period of time
Longitudinal Studies
The number or amount of something
Quantitative
Similar in structure of organization
Qualitative
A collection of data from all cases or people in the chosen set
Census
Set of cases or people chosen from a large group and focused on
Sample
When a person along with several others, is studied in depth
Case Study
Survey a sample of people to gather information
Interviews
People who share the same geographic area
Populations
Something mailed out using sampling methods
Survey
Average
Mean
The number that is repeated the most in a string of numbers
Mode
The number in the middle of a data set
Median
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
SMSA
80% of wealth is controlled by 20% of the people
80/20 Rule
Collect data, create hypothesis, test theory, revise
Four Steps of Scientific Method
Group of people in an area with social ties
Society
Unequal distribution of rewards - social ladder
Stratification
People who share the same position
Classes
An upward change in the social system
Upward Mobility
A downward change in the social system
Downward Mobility
The rank of a person in the society
Status
Position given but those who do not achieve things on their own
Ascribed Status
Position gained by achievement
Achieved Status
A word for a social link
Tie
Network full of holes where ties are weak
Cosmopolitan Network
Ideals about what is desirable behavior
Values
Set of manners and actions part of everyday society
Folkways
Customs that are important to the culture
Mores
A rule created by the government
Law
Sum of all human creations
Culture
Expectations of a person’s behavior based on their role
Role
Negative attitudes and thoughts about a particular group
Prejudice
Where a person thinks their race is the best
Ethnocentrism
Meaning of a trait depends on cultural background
Cultural Relativism
How a person learns how to live in their environment
Socialization
Showing the ways boys and girls are socialized
Gender Socialization
Prejudice of Jews
Anti-Semitism
Instability in culture because of erosion of morals
Anomie
When material is taken in and made to fit with existing information
Assimilation
The change made to one’s mind from the process of assimilation
Accommodation
Creation of standard
Normative Order
Deviance happens when people are blocked from achieving goals in legitimate ways
Merton’s Anomie Theory
When a person’s self-esteem is based how others see them
Looking Glass Self
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx wrote
Amount of all children that all women could have in their childbearing years
Total Fertility Rate
Death of babies that are one year or younger
Infant Mortality Rates
How populations change
Demographic Transition Theory
When small cities group together
Urban Sprawl
Egoistic, Altruistic, Anomic, Fatalistic
Durkheim’s Forms of Suicide (4)
