Definitions

Question 1

What is the definition of antibacterials?

Answer 1

Substance that destroys bacteria or supresses growth or reproduction

Question 2

What is the definition of antibiotics?

Answer 2

Substance produced by micro-organism at low conc kills or inhibits growth of micro-organisms

Question 3

What is the definition of antimicrobials?

Answer 3

drugs that kill micro-organisms or supress multiplication

Question 4

What is the definition of antivirals?

Answer 4

drugs, including interferon, stimulate cellular defences against viruses, reducing cell
DNA synthesis and making cells more resistant to viral genes, enhancing cellular immune responses
or suppressing their replication. Refers to genetically engineered drugs that are designed to block viral replication.

Question 5

What are bacillus?

Answer 5

rod shaped bacteria

Question 6

What does bacteriostatic mean?

Answer 6

agents that inhibit bacterial growth

Question 7

What does bactericidal mean?

Answer 7

agents that kill organism

Question 8

What is coccus?

Answer 8

Spherical bacterium

Question 9

What is a dermatophyte?

Answer 9

Fungal pathogen that causes infection of skin, mucous membrane, hair, nails, or other body surfaces

Question 10

What are endotoxins?

Answer 10

poison harmful to all body tissues, contained within certain Gram-negative
bacteria and released when the bacterial cell is broken down, dies or disintegrates.

Question 11

What are exotoxins?

Answer 11

potent poison, produced by a bacterial cell and secreted into its surrounding
medium e.g. botulism.

Question 12

What is gram staining?

Answer 12

Pink = g -ve bacterial have an outer phospholipid memebrane

Purple = g +ve bacteria retain staining due to the thick cell wall.

Question 13

What is a microorganism?

Answer 13

microscopic organism; those of medical interest include bacteria, viruses, algae,
fungi, and protozoa.

Question 14

What is mycosis?

Answer 14

Infection caused by fungus

Question 15

What is a vaccine?

Answer 15

preparation of antigenic material that can be used to stimulate the development of
antibiotics and thus confer active immunity against a specific disease or number of diseases. Many
vaccines are produced by culturing bacteria or viruses under conditions that lead to a loss of their
virulence, but not their antigenic nature. Other vaccines consist of specially treated toxins or of dead bacteria that are still antigenic