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Neuro Path > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

1
Q

derivation of oxygen with maintained BF

A

hypoxia

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2
Q

reduced or interrupted BF

A

ischemia

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3
Q

brain swelling

A

cerebral edema

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4
Q

enlargement of CSF compartments

A

hydrocephalus

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5
Q

vascular injury and bleeding

A

hematoma

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6
Q

inflammation of the pia mater, the arachnoid and CSF filled subarachnoid space

A

meningitis

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7
Q

infection of the parenchyma of the brain/SC. usually caused by virus, also by bacteria, fungi or other organisms

A

encephalitis

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8
Q

collection of intracranial neoplasm

A

brain tumor

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9
Q

irregular wiggling and writhering movements. grimacing of the face. distal movements in the limbs

A

chorea

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10
Q

continuous wormlike, twisting and turning motions of the joints of a limb or the body

A

athetosis

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11
Q

adnormal maintence of a posture resulting from twisting, turning movement of the limbs, neck, or trunk

A

dystonia

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12
Q

bizarre wriggling and writhing movements. face, mouth, jaw and tongue

A

dyskinesis

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13
Q

degenerative disorder of basal ganglia function that results in variable combinations of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia

A

parkinsons

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14
Q

resistance to movement of both flexors and extensors throughout the full ROM

A

rigidity

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15
Q

decomposition of movement, with each succeeding component of a movement occurring separately instead of being blended into a smooth action

A

cerebellar ataxia (if severe, ataxia)

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16
Q

finger moves jerkily toward a target, misses, corrects in the other direction, misses again until it is reached

A

over and under-reaching/dysmetria

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17
Q

rhythmic back and forth mvoement of a finger or tow that worsens as the target is approached

A

cerebellar tremor/intention tremor

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18
Q

affected motor skills of chewing and swallowing

A

dysphagia

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19
Q

slow, slurred speech and varying loudness

A

dysarthia

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20
Q

motor function disorders that result from damage to the immature brain

A

cerebral palsy

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21
Q

inflammation and selective destruction of CNS myelin

A

MS

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22
Q

immediate response to a spinal cord injury. flaccid paralysis, loss of tendon reflexes below injury, absense of somatic and visceral sensations below injury, loss of bowel and bladdar function

A

spinal cord chock

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23
Q

injury in the central gray or white matter

A

central cord syndrome

24
Q

damage from infarction of the anterior spinal artery, resulting in damage to the anterior 2/3 of the cord

A

anterior cord syndrome

25
Q

damage to a hemisections of the anterior and posterior cord

A

brown sequard syndrome

26
Q

damage to the conus medullaris or the sacral cord

A

conus medullaris syndrome

27
Q

damage to the lumbosacral nerve roots in the spinal canal usually results in LMN and sensory neuron damage known as

A

cauda equina sydrome

28
Q

disorder in which a cyst forms within the spinal cord

A

syringomyelia

29
Q

incomplete development of the brain, SC, and/or meninges

A

spina bifida

30
Q

visible squirming and twitching movements of the mm fibres that can be seen under the skin

A

fasciculations

31
Q

absent tone

A

flaccidity

32
Q

higher than normal tone

A

spasticity/tetany

33
Q

acute viral infection affecting the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain

A

poliomyelitis

34
Q

late complication of paralytic poliomyelitis

A

post polio syndrome

35
Q

type of polio where inflammation and destruction of the anterior horn cells may occur at any level of the SC

A

spinal polio

36
Q

the most serious type of polio. involves cranial nn and sometimes cardiorespiratory center

A

bulbar poliomyelitis

37
Q

polio that involved flu like symptoms and meningeal irritation

A

non paralytic polio

38
Q

difficulty with speech due to dysfunction of the tongue or other mm

A

dysarthia

39
Q

difficulty of speech due to dysfunction in the brain

A

dysphagia

40
Q

cessation of breathing while sleeping

A

sleep apnea

41
Q

reduction in the diameter of the mm fibers because of a loss of protein filaments

A

mm atrophy

42
Q

when a mm is not used for long periods of time losing their contractile proteins and become weak

A

disuse atrophy

43
Q

depriving muscles of their innervation

A

denervation atrophy

44
Q

spontaneous contractions in mm that are not visible, only by electromyography

A

fibrillations

45
Q

number of genetic disorders that produce progressive deterioration of skeletal mm because of mixed mm hypertrophy, atrophy and necrosis

A

muscle dystrophy

46
Q

increase mm size resulting from connective tissue infiltration

A

pseudohypertrophy

47
Q

most common form of musclular dystrophy. inherited as a recessive dingle-gene defect on the X chromosome and is transmitted from the mother to her male offspring

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

48
Q

type of muscular dystrophy that is X-linked but manifess in childhood/adolescence. slower course of progression

A

becker MD

49
Q

type of MD begins in teen years. weakness in mm of face, arms, legs, mm in shoulders and chest

A

facioscapulohumeral MD

50
Q

type of MD common in adults. long, thin faces, drooping eye lids and swan-like neck

A

myotonic muscluar dystrophy

51
Q

prevents the release of ACH from nn endings

A

botulinum

52
Q

prevents breakdown of ACH

A

organophophates

53
Q

disorder of transmission at the neuromuscluar junction that affects communication between motor neuron and the innervated mm cell

A

myasthenia gravis

54
Q

when mm weakness becomes severe enough to compromise ventilation to the extend that ventilatory support and airway protection are needed

A

myasthenic crisis

55
Q

demyelination or axonal degeneration of multiple peripheral nn that leads to symmetric sensory, motor, or mixed sensorimotor deficits

A

polyneuropathies

56
Q

acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy

A

guillain-barre syndrome

Neuro Path (3 decks)

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