definitions

Question 1

derivation of oxygen with maintained BF

Answer 1

hypoxia

Question 2

reduced or interrupted BF

Answer 2

ischemia

Question 3

brain swelling

Answer 3

cerebral edema

Question 4

enlargement of CSF compartments

Answer 4

hydrocephalus

Question 5

vascular injury and bleeding

Answer 5

hematoma

Question 6

inflammation of the pia mater, the arachnoid and CSF filled subarachnoid space

Answer 6

meningitis

Question 7

infection of the parenchyma of the brain/SC. usually caused by virus, also by bacteria, fungi or other organisms

Answer 7

encephalitis

Question 8

collection of intracranial neoplasm

Answer 8

brain tumor

Question 9

irregular wiggling and writhering movements. grimacing of the face. distal movements in the limbs

Answer 9

chorea

Question 10

continuous wormlike, twisting and turning motions of the joints of a limb or the body

Answer 10

athetosis

Question 11

adnormal maintence of a posture resulting from twisting, turning movement of the limbs, neck, or trunk

Answer 11

dystonia

Question 12

bizarre wriggling and writhing movements. face, mouth, jaw and tongue

Answer 12

dyskinesis

Question 13

degenerative disorder of basal ganglia function that results in variable combinations of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia

Answer 13

parkinsons

Question 14

resistance to movement of both flexors and extensors throughout the full ROM

Answer 14

rigidity

Question 15

decomposition of movement, with each succeeding component of a movement occurring separately instead of being blended into a smooth action

Answer 15

cerebellar ataxia (if severe, ataxia)

Question 16

finger moves jerkily toward a target, misses, corrects in the other direction, misses again until it is reached

Answer 16

over and under-reaching/dysmetria

Question 17

rhythmic back and forth mvoement of a finger or tow that worsens as the target is approached

Answer 17

cerebellar tremor/intention tremor

Question 18

affected motor skills of chewing and swallowing

Answer 18

dysphagia

Question 19

slow, slurred speech and varying loudness

Answer 19

dysarthia

Question 20

motor function disorders that result from damage to the immature brain

Answer 20

cerebral palsy

Question 21

inflammation and selective destruction of CNS myelin

Answer 21

MS

Question 22

immediate response to a spinal cord injury. flaccid paralysis, loss of tendon reflexes below injury, absense of somatic and visceral sensations below injury, loss of bowel and bladdar function

Answer 22

spinal cord chock

Question 23

injury in the central gray or white matter

Answer 23

central cord syndrome

Question 24

damage from infarction of the anterior spinal artery, resulting in damage to the anterior 2/3 of the cord

Answer 24

anterior cord syndrome

Question 25

damage to a hemisections of the anterior and posterior cord

Answer 25

brown sequard syndrome

Question 26

damage to the conus medullaris or the sacral cord

Answer 26

conus medullaris syndrome

Question 27

damage to the lumbosacral nerve roots in the spinal canal usually results in LMN and sensory neuron damage known as

Answer 27

cauda equina sydrome

Question 28

disorder in which a cyst forms within the spinal cord

Answer 28

syringomyelia

Question 29

incomplete development of the brain, SC, and/or meninges

Answer 29

spina bifida

Question 30

visible squirming and twitching movements of the mm fibres that can be seen under the skin

Answer 30

fasciculations

Question 31

absent tone

Answer 31

flaccidity

Question 32

higher than normal tone

Answer 32

spasticity/tetany

Question 33

acute viral infection affecting the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain

Answer 33

poliomyelitis

Question 34

late complication of paralytic poliomyelitis

Answer 34

post polio syndrome

Question 35

type of polio where inflammation and destruction of the anterior horn cells may occur at any level of the SC

Answer 35

spinal polio

Question 36

the most serious type of polio. involves cranial nn and sometimes cardiorespiratory center

Answer 36

bulbar poliomyelitis

Question 37

polio that involved flu like symptoms and meningeal irritation

Answer 37

non paralytic polio

Question 38

difficulty with speech due to dysfunction of the tongue or other mm

Answer 38

dysarthia

Question 39

difficulty of speech due to dysfunction in the brain

Answer 39

dysphagia

Question 40

cessation of breathing while sleeping

Answer 40

sleep apnea

Question 41

reduction in the diameter of the mm fibers because of a loss of protein filaments

Answer 41

mm atrophy

Question 42

when a mm is not used for long periods of time losing their contractile proteins and become weak

Answer 42

disuse atrophy

Question 43

depriving muscles of their innervation

Answer 43

denervation atrophy

Question 44

spontaneous contractions in mm that are not visible, only by electromyography

Answer 44

fibrillations

Question 45

number of genetic disorders that produce progressive deterioration of skeletal mm because of mixed mm hypertrophy, atrophy and necrosis

Answer 45

muscle dystrophy

Question 46

increase mm size resulting from connective tissue infiltration

Answer 46

pseudohypertrophy

Question 47

most common form of musclular dystrophy. inherited as a recessive dingle-gene defect on the X chromosome and is transmitted from the mother to her male offspring

Answer 47

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 48

type of muscular dystrophy that is X-linked but manifess in childhood/adolescence. slower course of progression

Answer 48

becker MD

Question 49

type of MD begins in teen years. weakness in mm of face, arms, legs, mm in shoulders and chest

Answer 49

facioscapulohumeral MD

Question 50

type of MD common in adults. long, thin faces, drooping eye lids and swan-like neck

Answer 50

myotonic muscluar dystrophy

Question 51

prevents the release of ACH from nn endings

Answer 51

botulinum

Question 52

prevents breakdown of ACH

Answer 52

organophophates

Question 53

disorder of transmission at the neuromuscluar junction that affects communication between motor neuron and the innervated mm cell

Answer 53

myasthenia gravis

Question 54

when mm weakness becomes severe enough to compromise ventilation to the extend that ventilatory support and airway protection are needed

Answer 54

myasthenic crisis

Question 55

demyelination or axonal degeneration of multiple peripheral nn that leads to symmetric sensory, motor, or mixed sensorimotor deficits

Answer 55

polyneuropathies

Question 56

acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy

Answer 56

guillain-barre syndrome