Definitions Flashcards
Chemical Bond
A lasting attraction between atoms or ions that results in the formation of chemical compounds
Covalent Bond
An electrostatic interaction that involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to form molecules
Molecule
A neutral group of two or more atoms which are bonded together sufficiently strongly to act as a unit in chemical reactions
Electronegativity
Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself
Ionic Bond
Involves the transfer of electrons to form positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions)
The electrostatic interaction between these is known as an ionic bond and forms a three dimensional lattice structure
Valency
The measure of combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds
Number of bonds that the atoms can form
Potential Difference
The work done or energy transferred per unit charge to move charge between two points in a circuit
EMF
The energy provided by a battery per unit charge flowing through the battery
Terminal Potential Difference
Voltage measured across the terminals of a battery when charges are flowing in a circuit
Current Strength
The rate of flow of charge
Resistance
The rate of potential difference across a component to the current in a component
One ohm
Equal to one volt per ampere
One Coulomb
The charge transferred in a conductor in one second if the current is one ampere
Ohm’s law
Potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current in the conductor at constant temperature
Vector
Physical quantity with MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
Scalar
Physical quantity with magnitude only
Resultant
The single vector having the same effect as two or more vectors acting together
One dimensional Motion
Motion along a straight line
Frame Of Reference
Reference point combined with a set of directions
Position
Location relative to a reference point
Distance
Total path length travelled
Displacement
Overall change in position of an object
Average Speed
Total distance travelled per total time
Average Velocity
Rate of change of displacement
Acceleration
Rate of change of velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Velocity of an object at a particular time
Instantaneous Speed
Speed of an object at a particular time
Uniform Velocity
Motion of an object at constant velocity
Uniform Acceleration
When rate of change of velocity remains constant
Initial Velocity
Velocity at beginning of motion
Final Velocity
Velocity at end of motion
