Definitions Flashcards
Adduction
Toward the midline
Abduction
Away from midline
Extention
Straightening of body part
Flexion
Bend body part (joint)
Hyper extention
Excessively straightening
Rotate
Turn the joint
Internal rotation
Turning the joint inward
External rotation
Turning the joint outward
Dorsiflexion
Bending the foot upwards
Plantarflexion
Bending the foot downward
Pronation
Turning downward
Supination
Turning upwards
ROM
Is moving a joint to the full extent possible w/o causing pain.
Active ROM
Done independently by client
Passive ROM
Done by someone else moving the joints
Body Mechanics
Refers to the movement of the body in an efficient & careful way.
Includes good posture and balance & using the lrg muscles for work
Body alignment
The way the body parts are positioned in relation to one another.
Base of support
An area on which an object rests. Position of the feet are important for good body mechanics because they provide the base of support.
Transfer
A ct is able to weight bear to some degree - PSW taking some of the wt
Lift
Ct can’t help - PSW takes all of their wt
Friction
The resistance the skin encounters when it rubs against another surface, such as clothing, bedding or fold of skin
Shearing
Is the tearing of skin tissue. Caused when skin sticks to a surface & deeper tissues move downward, exerting pressure on skin.
Fowler’s position
Is a semi to upright sitting position in bed.
Musculoskeletal system
It provides the framework for the body & allows body to move.
Ligaments
Strong bands of connective tissue that hold joints together.
Joints
Points where 2 or more bones meet & allow movement.
Cartilage
Connective tissue that cushion joint so bones don’t rub together.
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain. Divided into 2 halfs
Right & left hemisphere. Right hemisphere controls the left side of body and vice versa.
Outside called the cerebral cortex. Controls high functions of brain…ie thoughts, ideas
Cerebellum
Regulates & coordinates body movements.
Voluntary muscles and balance…for example
Brain stem
Connects cerebrum to the spinal cord. Controls body functions…ie blood pressure
Cranial nerves
Conduct impulses between brain,neck,chest & abdomen
Spinal nerves
Carry impulses from skin, extremities & internal body structures not supplied by cranial nerves
