Definitions Flashcards
What is Evidence-Based Physiotherapy?
Physiotherapy practice informed by relevant high-quality clinical research.
Should be informed by:
- high-quality clinical research
- patients preferences
- Physiotherapists practice knowledge
Operationalisation
the process by which the concept of interest is turned into a measurement
Signal
meaningful info you’re trying to detect
Noise
random, unwanted variation or fluctuation that interferes with the signal
Minimally important clinical difference
minimal amount of change that is important to the patient
Nocebo
adverse events or outcomes related to negative expectations or anticipations or beliefs
Central tendency
single value expressing the most typical or representative scores in the distribution of data
Null hypothesis
treatment A is no more effective than treatment B for this condition - any difference between groups is just random error
Alternative hypothesis
Treatment A is more effective than treatment B for this condition
Prognosis
Future outcomes of a particular health condition
Diagnosis
The process of determining the nature and identity of a condition
Sensitivity
Probability that people who truly have the problem will test positive
Specificity
Probability that people who do not have the condition will test negative
Dichotomous variables
Events that either happen or they dont
Continuous outcomes
Amount of outcome that has been measured
Positive likelyhood ratio (and acceptable range)
How much more likely a positive test finding is in people who have the condition than those who dont
- needs to be GREATER than 1
- > 3 is acceptable
- > 10 is very useful
Negative likelyhood ratio (and acceptable range)
How much more likely a negative finding is in people who have the condition than those who dont
- needs to be LESS than 1
- 0.33 is acceptable
- 0.10 is very useful
Intention to treat analysis (ITT)
Results for all patients who are randomly assigned should be analysed as part of the group to which they were initially assigned
Once randomised, always analyse as assigned
Per protocol analysis (secondary analysis)
include them in a group that reflects what they actually did
Clinical Guideline
Systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific circumstances
Inc. diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and patients experience
Systematic Review - Interventional
Assesses the benefits and harm of an intervention and provides unbiased, robust, transparent and reproducible overview of the effect of an intervention and the quality of evidence from clinical studies
Meta-analysis
provides a pooled estimate of effect, and examines variation among individual study effect estimates
Qualitative research
Social and personal experiences
Descriptive and Subjective
Data collection uses words, expressions, pictures/symbols
Quantitative research
Data driven statistics
Data collection = numbers
Objective
