Definitions

Question 1

What is Evidence-Based Physiotherapy?

Answer 1

Physiotherapy practice informed by relevant high-quality clinical research.

Should be informed by:

• high-quality clinical research
• patients preferences
• Physiotherapists practice knowledge

Question 2

Operationalisation

Answer 2

the process by which the concept of interest is turned into a measurement

Question 3

Signal

Answer 3

meaningful info you’re trying to detect

Question 4

Noise

Answer 4

random, unwanted variation or fluctuation that interferes with the signal

Question 5

Minimally important clinical difference

Answer 5

minimal amount of change that is important to the patient

Question 6

Nocebo

Answer 6

adverse events or outcomes related to negative expectations or anticipations or beliefs

Question 7

Central tendency

Answer 7

single value expressing the most typical or representative scores in the distribution of data

Question 8

Null hypothesis

Answer 8

treatment A is no more effective than treatment B for this condition - any difference between groups is just random error

Question 9

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 9

Treatment A is more effective than treatment B for this condition

Question 10

Prognosis

Answer 10

Future outcomes of a particular health condition

Question 11

Diagnosis

Answer 11

The process of determining the nature and identity of a condition

Question 12

Sensitivity

Answer 12

Probability that people who truly have the problem will test positive

Question 13

Specificity

Answer 13

Probability that people who do not have the condition will test negative

Question 14

Dichotomous variables

Answer 14

Events that either happen or they dont

Question 15

Continuous outcomes

Answer 15

Amount of outcome that has been measured

Question 16

Positive likelyhood ratio (and acceptable range)

Answer 16

How much more likely a positive test finding is in people who have the condition than those who dont

• needs to be GREATER than 1
• > 3 is acceptable
• > 10 is very useful

Question 17

Negative likelyhood ratio (and acceptable range)

Answer 17

How much more likely a negative finding is in people who have the condition than those who dont

• needs to be LESS than 1
• 0.33 is acceptable
• 0.10 is very useful

Question 18

Intention to treat analysis (ITT)

Answer 18

Results for all patients who are randomly assigned should be analysed as part of the group to which they were initially assigned
Once randomised, always analyse as assigned

Question 19

Per protocol analysis (secondary analysis)

Answer 19

include them in a group that reflects what they actually did

Question 20

Clinical Guideline

Answer 20

Systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific circumstances

Inc. diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and patients experience

Question 21

Systematic Review - Interventional

Answer 21

Assesses the benefits and harm of an intervention and provides unbiased, robust, transparent and reproducible overview of the effect of an intervention and the quality of evidence from clinical studies

Question 22

Meta-analysis

Answer 22

provides a pooled estimate of effect, and examines variation among individual study effect estimates

Question 23

Qualitative research

Answer 23

Social and personal experiences
Descriptive and Subjective
Data collection uses words, expressions, pictures/symbols

Question 24

Quantitative research

Answer 24

Data driven statistics
Data collection = numbers
Objective