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Medical Terminology Ch.6 > Definition then Word > Flashcards

Definition then Word Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat.

A

Anorexia

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2
Q

Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection.

A

Appendicitis

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3
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

A

Ascites

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4
Q

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine.

A

Borborygmus

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5
Q

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer.

A

Cachexia

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6
Q

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct.

A

Cholelithiasis

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7
Q

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease.

A

Cirrhosis

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8
Q

Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain.

A

Colic

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9
Q

Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis.

A

Crohn Disease

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10
Q

Act of swallowing.

A

Deglutition

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11
Q

Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea.

A

Dysentery

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12
Q

Epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion.

A

Dyspepsia

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13
Q

Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphasia.

A

Dysphagia

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14
Q

Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching.

A

Eructation

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15
Q

Fecal concretion

A

Fecalith

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16
Q

Gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus.

A

Flatus

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17
Q

Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus.

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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18
Q

Offensive, or bad breath.

A

Halitosis

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19
Q

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus.

A

Hematemesis

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20
Q

Symtom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternation of the two) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon.

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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21
Q

Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph.

A

Malabsorption syndrome

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22
Q

Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to presence of blood altered by intestinal juices.

A

Melena

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23
Q

Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight.

A

Obesity

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24
Q

Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight.

A

Morbid obesity

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25
Q

Severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction.

A

Obstipation

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26
Q

Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation.

A

Oral leukoplakia

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27
Q

Progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in the hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract.

A

Peristalsis

28
Q

Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.

A

Pyloric stenosis

29
Q

Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach.

A

Regurgitation

30
Q

Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it.

A

Steatorrhea

31
Q

Excision of diseased gingival tissue.

A

Gingivectomy

32
Q

Removal of all or part of the tongue.

A

Glossectomy

33
Q

Repair of the esophagus.

A

Esophagoplasty

34
Q

Removal of part or all of the stomach.

A

Gastrectomy

35
Q

Forming an opening between the stomach and jejunum.

A

Gastrojejunostomy

36
Q

Excision of (part of ) the esophagus.

A

Esophagectomy

37
Q

Forming an opening between the stomach, small intestine, and colon.

A

Gastroenterocolostomy

38
Q

Surgical repair of the small intestine.

A

Enteroplasty

39
Q

Fixation of the small intestine to the abdominal wall.

A

Enteropexy

40
Q

Suture of the bile duct.

A

Choledochorrhaphy

41
Q

Creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall.

A

Colostomy

42
Q

Fixation of a movable liver to the abdominal wall.

A

Hepatopexy

43
Q

Surgical repair of the anus or rectum.

A

Proctoplasty, rectoplasty

44
Q

Removal of the gallbladder.

A

Cholecystectomy

45
Q

Surgical repair of the common bile duct.

A

Choledochoplasty

46
Q

Difficulty breathing.

A

Dyspnea

47
Q

An open sore.

A

Lesion

48
Q

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.

A

Anastomosis

49
Q

Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach.

A

Antacids

50
Q

Decrease gastrointestinal spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract.

A

Antispasmodics

51
Q

Surgery that treats morbid obesity.

A

Bariatric

52
Q

Orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile.

A

Bilirubin

53
Q

Agents that produce vomiting.

A

Emetics

54
Q

Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument.

A

Endoscopy

55
Q

Visual examination of the stomach.

A

Gastroscopy

56
Q

Insertion of a tube into any hollow organ.

A

Intubation

57
Q

Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation.

A

Laxatives

58
Q

Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract.

A

Liver function tests

59
Q

Administration of barium enema while a series of radiographs are taken of the large intestine.

A

Lower GI series

60
Q

Endoscopic procedure for visualization of the rectosigmoid colon.

A

Proctosigmoidoscopy

61
Q

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangeography.

A

PTCH

62
Q

Immediately

A

Stat

63
Q

Applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult blood in the feces; also called hemoccult.

A

Stool guaiac

64
Q

Surgical reconstruction of the mouth.

A

Stomatoplasty

65
Q

Test that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echogram.

A

Ultrasonography

66
Q

Barium solution swallowed for radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

A

Upper GI series

Medical Terminology Ch.6 (2 decks)

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