Definition Procedure Model

Question 1

Definition of procedure model

Answer 1

…organizes a process in different structured phases
• …have specific methods and techniques for each phase
• …are helpful organizational devices for concrete tasks
• …can be adapted (tailoring) for individual/specific problem
• …lead to a concrete action plans
• …follow a stepwise approach from problem/task to solution
• …have a systematic rational procedure
• …phases are idealistic
• …have very often a iterative characterization
• …should include milestones to mitigate risks, costs and failing
• …are very often used for projects

Question 2

Picture: Building a procedure model

Answer 2

1. Identify problem
2. Brainstorming
3. Design
   Circle: 4. Built 5. Test&Evaluate 6. Redesign
4. Share solution

Question 3

The problem solving loop

Answer 3

1. Identify the problem
2. Explore information and create ideas
3. Select the best idea
4. Built and test the idea
5. Evaluate the result (loop to 1.)

Question 4

Six-Step Problem Solving Model

Answer 4

1. Define the problem
2. Determine the route causes of the problem
3. Develop alternative solutions
4. Select a solution
5. Implement the solution
6. Evaluate the outcome

Repetable, interruptable and go to earlier step; used to improve projects

Question 5

Six-Step PSM: Step 1

Answer 5

1. Diagnose the problem
   - its context, background, symptoms

TECHNIQUES:
Brainstorming
Interviewing
Questionnaires

Question 6

Six-Step PSM: Step 2

Answer 6

2. Determine the root causes of the problem

TECHNIQUES:
Fishbone diagrams
Pareto analysis (80:20)
Affinity diagrams

Question 7

Six-Step PSM: Step 3

Answer 7

3. Develop alternative solutions

• Generate as many solutions as possible
• Assess how each solution relates to root cause & symptoms
• Decide if one solution or merging elements of several solutions is best
• Eliminate less effective options

Question 8

Six-Step PSM: Step 4

Answer 8

4. Select a solution
   - Judge feasibility (time, costs, effective, risk)
   - Select “best fit” for user
   - A solution is chosen

Question 9

Six-Step PSM: Step 5

Answer 9

5. Implement the solution
   - Agree team members & prepare plan
   - Plan sets out actions required before & during implementation
   - Tools such as -Gantt, timeline & log frame can used
   - Start date is determined & key milestones set

Question 10

Six-Step PSM: Step 6

Answer 10

6. Evaluate the Outcome
   - Milestones, costs, work completion
   Step relies on: collection of data, accurate reporting mechanisms etc.

Question 11

DMAIC

Answer 11

DEFINE:
Launch Team, Establish Charter, Plan project, Gather VOC/VOB, Plan for change

MEASURE:
Document the process, Collect baseline data, Narrow project focus

ANALYZE:
Analyze data, identify root causes, identify and remove waste

IMPROVE: 
Generate solutions(s), Evaluate s, optimize s, pilot, plan and implement

CONTROL:
Control process, Validate project benefits