Definition Of Terrorism, Radicalism, Gender and Crime, Money Laundering, Cyber Crime Flashcards
Terrorism
The use of violence or the threat of violence, especially against civilians in the pursuit of political aims. ( black’s law dictionary).
Contemporary form of terrorism
Revolutionary terrorism: pan Islamism state of Indonesia
Political terrorism: eco terrorism ( sipah- sahaba)
State sponsored terrorism:: India
Criminal terrorism: Taliban Isis
Motivation behind terrorism
Psychological
Alienation
Socialisation
Religious
Countering terrorism
Destroy the jihadish movement
Maintain the international cooperation.
Persuade detainees to renounce terrorism.
Anti terrorism Act 1997.
Radicalism
The opinions and behaviour of the people who favour extreme changes in government through radical political ideas and behaviour.. ( Merriam Webster).
Causes of radicalism
Karl Marx: social inequality
Political repression and authorisation: argues Frantz fanon colonization and imperialism have created conditions for that lead to radicalism,.
Religious differences
Psychological factors
Theories related to radicalism
Relative deprivation theory.
Gender and crime
Violence against individuals based on their gender particularly, violence against women
Merriam Webster.
Theories related to gender based crime
Social learning theory
Causes of gender based crime
Cultural and social norms
Economic factors
Lack of legal protection
Laws related to gender based crime in Pakistan
Domestic violence prevention act 2013
National Commission on the status of women act 2012
Money laundering
The Act of transforming money obtained illegally to the foreign banks or ligtimiate business so that its orginal source cannot be traced. Collins dictionary
Stages of Money laundering
Placement
Layering
Integration.
Economic affect of money laundering
Undermining the integrity of financial market
Loss of control Of economic policies.
Economic distrotation and instability.
Loss of revenues
Laws related to Money laundering in Pakistan
Anti money laundering act 2010
Cyber crrime
A criminal offence committed through the use of the internet. ( b.l d)
Types of cyber crime
Theft telecommunications services
Sales and electronic crime
Tax evasion..
Anti cyber crime acts
The prevention of electronic crime act 2016
White collar crime
A crime committed by a person of respectively high social status in the course of his occupation. Merriam Webster
Types of white collar crime
Fraud, bankruptcy, credit card fraud, insurance fraud, tax evasion fraud. Section 5 of CPC
Organized crime
Committed by structural group typically involving the distribution and sale of illegal gambling weapons, smuggling, money laundering.
Types of organized crime
1:Gang criminality
Includes kidnapping, extrication, roberry, vehicles.
2: racketeering
Criminal gang engaged in the extrotation of money from both, legitimate or illegitimate
3: syndicate crime
Illegal goods and services by an organised criminal gang. (Mafia)
Examples, drug services
