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Criminology Notes > Crime > Flashcards

Crime Flashcards

1
Q

Crime definition

A

The word crime is taken from Latin word crimen means to charge.

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2
Q

Definition of crime Oxford dictionary

A

An action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law

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3
Q

Definition of crime according to William Blackstone

A

An act committed or ommitted in the violation of public law forbidding or commanding it.

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4
Q

Criminology definition Edwin Sutherland

A

The scientific study of crime including its causes, responses and methods of prevention from crime.

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5
Q

Offence definition

A

An act that violates that violates civil or criminal law

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6
Q

Type of offence

A

1:Congnizable offence: punishable by law, no warrant required for arrest, no approval is required to begin investigation, includes, murder, theft, kidnapping,rape. Fir and complaint both are required.
2: non - Congnizable offence: opposite to it.

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7
Q

Classification of crime

A

According to IMF
3 types of crime
Infraction: definition: breaking of laws usually not serious.
fine, no jail, examples fishing without warrant, drinking in public, operating business without lisecnce

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8
Q

Misdemeanors crime second type of crime

A

Less severe, one year jail or fine. Theft, alcohol related crime, failed to apeear in court.

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9
Q

3rd type of crime ( felonies)

A

A grave crime, death penalty or lifetime imporsment. Murder main saluger, drugs, tax erosion.

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10
Q

Criminal law and civil law

A

Criminal law: Deals with behaviour that is or can be construed as an offence against public and society .
Examples: murder, assault, kidnapping..
Purpose: maintain law and order, public safety.

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11
Q

Criminal law and it’s types

A

1: substantive criminal law. Defines what are types of conduct are criminal and their penalties.
Examples: Pakistan penal code 1860

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12
Q

2:Procedural law

A

Involes the rules designed to implement the substantive laws.

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13
Q

Characteristic of criminal law

A

Constantly changing ( zanab case)
Refelect social values.
Act can be decrminliezed

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14
Q

Objectives of criminal law and

A

DSMEEPR
Deternance
Social control
Maintain social order
Express morality
Equality
Punishment
Retribution

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15
Q

Civil law

A

System of law concerened with private relations between members of a community.

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16
Q

Deviance

A

Horton and hunt. Any failure and to confirm to the customary norms is called deviance.

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17
Q

Types of deviance

A

Primary and secondary

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18
Q

Causes of deviance

A

Broken families
Lack of education
Lack of religious activities.
Urban slums
Poor Psychological development
Economic factors

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19
Q

Forms of deviance

A

Drugs addiction
Sexual a abuse
Child abuse.

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20
Q

Sin

A

Religious concept
Offence against religion
Two types of sins
Kabira, sagira.

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21
Q

Vice

A

Refers to habit or practice
Behaviour
Considered immoral

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22
Q

Examples of Vice

A

Gambling, drug use ,pornography.

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23
Q

Evil

A

It includes all natural and moral evils
Cambridge dictionary: morally bad , cruel causing harm or injury.

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24
Q

Norms

A

Collins dictionary: a standard or pattern of behaviour that is expected of a group a principles within a society.

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25
Q

Values

A

Collins dictionary: the principles, standards, considered worthwhile or deesirsble within a particular society.

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26
Q

Security

A

The state of being secure , freedom from fear , danger and anxiety. Merriam Webster

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27
Q

Types of security

A

Physical, economic, social

28
Q

Physical security

A

Measures taken to protect property, personal information from physical harm or attack ( Merriam Webster)

29
Q

Economic security

A

Cambridge dictionary ( the situation of having enough money and resources to be able to support oneself without relaying on others.

30
Q

Social security

A

A system of benefits provided by government for people with low income or no income. ( Merriam Webster)

31
Q

History of criminology

A

Demonic possession
Spiritual influence
Divine punishment

32
Q

History of law

A

Code of Hammurabi:: first written law
Common law: origin England unwritten traditional law.
Megna Carta: in England published

33
Q

Scope of criminology

A

Assist in response to crime prevention. Includes the examination of evidence

34
Q

Theoretical perspectives on criminology ( classical school of thought)

A

Rational choice theory ( jermay Bentham)
Thomas Hobbes.

35
Q

Non- classical theory

A

Biological makeup is responsible for offence
Types of non classical theory
Biological
Psychological

36
Q

Chicago or socialist school of thought

A

(Man is a social animal) locke , Aristotle
1: social learning theory
2: social control theory: strong bond with society is good there are less chances of crime.
3: strain theory: when the social structure failed to provide legitimate opportunities to success main commit crimes to achieve the status. Examples, economic deprivation.
4: labelling theory: when someone accepts the label as personal identity.

37
Q

Islamic perspective on crime

A

Pays serious attention to this matter.
Considering the changing circumstances of society.

38
Q

Islamic panel system aims

A

To persevere life
Lineage ( punishment for fornication)
Wealth
Religion
Reason ( punishment for drinking)

39
Q

Forms of punishment in Islam

A

Prescribed
Retribution
Discretionary: not defined

40
Q

Objectives of Islamic panel code

A

Protect society from crime
Seeks to reform the criminal system.

41
Q

Juvenile deliquency

A

The fact of a young person behaving in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people. ( Collins dictionary)

42
Q

Causes of deliquency

A

Social: broken families, running away from school, use of vulgur language, smoking, drinking
Economic : poverty, poor education, urban slums
Biological: poor growth, lack of competence

43
Q

Types of deliquency

A

Individual ( rational choice theory)
Group supported ( differential theory)
Organized theory ( social learning theory.)
Situational deliquency: s.l

44
Q

Juvenile vs status offender

A

Juvenile: violation of law below the age of 18
Status offender: violation of law at any age.

45
Q

Juvenile justice system

A

Prior to juvenile act 2000 no laws present.

46
Q

Juvenile justice process

A

Police investigation
Detention
Pre- trail procedures
Disposition treatment.

47
Q

Similarities between adult justice system and juvenile justice system

A

Right to hearing apeal
Both undergo drug testing
Correction facilities available for both
Similar procedures

48
Q

Similarities between adult justice system and juvenile justice system

A

Right to hearing apeal
Both undergo drug testing
Correction facilities available for both
Similar procedures

49
Q

Differences between juvenile deliquency and adult justice system

A

Juvenile can be detened by acts which are not considered criminal if done by adult.
High involvement of parents in juvenile
No death sentence
No coporal punishment
Record is sealed in juvenile deliquency

50
Q

Criminal justice system

A

The organisation and departments responsible for enforcing laws detecting, criminals and administrating justice.

51
Q

Objectives of criminal justice system

A

Prevent crime occurance
Maintain Law order
Deter offender
Punish the offender
Protect public rights

52
Q

Police and its role

A

The government department charged with the preservation of public order, the promotion of public safety and and the prevention and detection of crime.
Black Law dictionary.

53
Q

Role of proceutor

A

Government lawayer who prosecutes cases on the behalf of the people . ( Meriam Webster )
Investigation of law violater
Determing charges
Representing government in pre trail.
Recommend sentence.
Section 24 of CCP

54
Q

Defence attorney

A

Public lawyer
Role:
Interview the client
Discuss matter with proceutor
Provide assistance in sentencing

55
Q

Causes of weak judicial system in Pakistan

A

Backlog of cases
Lack of propusupervisions
Lack of transport facilities for process serving staff
Lack of libraries
Transfer of cases
Frequent transfer of judicial officer.

56
Q

Prison

A

A state of confinement or captivity ( Merriam Webster)

57
Q

Objectives of prison

A

Custody keeping inmates in safe place of confinement
Meeting basic needs of prison
Punishment
Correction providing treatment to reform and rehabilitation
Pakistan prison rules 1978. Rule 3

58
Q

Probation

A

It is a form of supervised release imposed on an offender by judges without a time being served in jail
Prof. Conklin

59
Q

Elements of of probation

A

Postponed sentence
A period of re- socialisation
Supervision by probation officer

60
Q

Functions of probation officer

A

Criminal in his personal care
Reform the criminal behaviour
Supply revalant information
Assistance in getting employment
Help resolve family problems.

61
Q

Parole

A

A system under which inmates are released before they complete their full sentences. Conklin
Section 401 of CrPc

62
Q

Corporeal punishment

A

Physical punishment is intended to cause physical pain
Article 14 of constitution

63
Q

Theories of corporeal punishment

A

Tilitarian theory: to deter crime
Retributive:

64
Q

Imprisonment

A

The act of confining a person in prison.

65
Q

Rehabilitation of criminals .

A

The process of seeking to improve criminal character and outlook so that he or she can function in society without committing crime . Black Law dictionary

66
Q

Methods of rehabilitation

A

Healing
Treatment
Education.

Criminology Notes (6 decks)

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