Definition of Terms Flashcards
1
Q
It is also known as Geomatics. It is defined as the science of gathering information about the physical earth.
A
Surveying
2
Q
This type of survey relates to laws and land ownership. It includes establishment of real property boundaries
A
Cadastral Surveys
3
Q
It is a type of survey often called as “stake-out”, “lay-out” or “setting-out” and is performed to establish reference points and markers that will guide the construction.
A
Construction Surveys
4
Q
This type of survey includes mapping of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, etc.
A
Hydrographic Surveys
5
Q
It is a type of survey that requires high accuracy and precision. In includes alignment of machineries and optical tooling.
A
Industrial Surveys
6
Q
A type of survey that includes the practice of measuring and mapping on-ground or underground points for the purpose of utilizing mineral deposits.
A
Mine Surveys
7
Q
It is a type of survey that obtains reliable spatial information from photographic images (may it be aerial or terrestrial).
A
Photogrammetric Surveys
8
Q
It is a type of survey that provides the data needed to determine horizontal and vertical alignment for the design of linear structures such as roads, railways, pipelines, etc.
A
Route Surveys
9
Q
It is a type of survey used to map natural and/or man-made features on the ground as well as obtain elevations.
A
Topographic Surveys
10
Q
This is one of the simplest method of measuring distances. It is used in instances where approximate results can be enough for the data needed.
A
Pacing
11
Q
It is to determine whether a concrete has the specified compressive strength.
A
Compression Test
12
Q
useful in determining the shearing strength resistance along recognizable weal planes within the soil material.
A
Direct Shear Test
13
Q
Determines the asphalt content of liquid asphalt.
A
Distillation Test
14
Q
measures the ability of the asphalt to stretch without breaking.
A
Ductility Test
15
Q
To determine the amount of asphalt present in mix.
A
Extraction Test
16
Q
measures the distance that standard needle will penetrate the sample at a given temperature in a specified time.
A
Penetration Test
17
Q
Determines if asphalt is overheated during production.
A
Spot Test
18
Q
Determines the presence of larger globules of asphalt in the emulsion.
A
Sleve Test
19
Q
It measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets and to check its workability.
A
Slump Test
20
Q
it rounds off the formed edge of the slab to prevents chipping or damage.
A
Edging
21
Q
where free water in the concrete mix is pushed upward to the surface due to the settlement of heavier solid particles.
A
Bleeding
22
Q
first step in finishing the concrete, the action of flattening poured concrete into a smooth or flat layer prior to finishing the surface.
A
Screeding
23
Q
slab deflection under passing loads sometimes resulting in the discharge of water and sub-grade soils along joints, cracks, and pavement edges.
A
Pumping
24
Q
the localized upward displacement of a pavement due to the swelling of the sub-grade or some portion of the pavement structure.
A
Upheaval
25
A form of *plastic movement* resulting to localized bulging of the pavement.
Shoving
26
*channelized depressions* that may develop in the wheel tracks of an asphalt pavement.
rutting
27
the *progressive separation of aggregate particles in a pavement from the surface downward of from the edges inward.
Raveling
28
*localized upward buckling and shattering* of the slabs at transverse joints or cracks.
Blowup
29
the *breakdown or disintegration of slab edge* at joints or cracks.
Joint/Crack Spalling
30
is the process of wearing away of surface due to friction.
Surface Abrasion
31
*the difference in elevation between the joints* due to settlement of pavements, erosion of material under the pavement, and change in temperature.
Faulting
32
the point on the sub-grade *directly below the edge of the pavement* from which the sub grade slopes downward to the point of slope selection.
Hinge point
33
This is the point at which the cut or fill slopes intersect the existing ground
Stake points
34
This is the point where the design side slope intersect with the ground.
The actual intersection position of the side slope with the existing ground surface
Catch point
35
This is the layer of soil prepared to support a pavement structure or pavement system. It is the *foundation of the pavement structure*
Sub-grade
36
This is the course in the asphalt pavement structure immediately below the base course.
If the subgrade soil has adequate support, it may serve as a _____
Sub-base
37
The lower or underlying pavement course atop the subbase or subgrade and under the top or wearing course
Base
38
The ability of an asphalt paving surface, particularly when wet, to offer *resistance to slipping or skidding*
Skid resistance
39
Any condition that might contribute to making a pavement slippery
Skid hazard
40
Interconnected cracks forming a series of *small blocks* that is usually caused by excessive deflection of the surface over unstable subgrade or lower courses of the pavement
Alligator Cracks
41
What causes alligator cracks
*Excessive deflection* of the surface over *unstable subgrade* or lower courses of the pavement
42
These are interconnected cracks forming a series of *large blocks*, usually with sharp corners or angles
Shrinkage cracks
43
These are *vertical cracks* in the pavement that follows a course approximately parallel to the center line
Longitudinal cracks
44
Cracks in the asphalt overly that *reflect* the crack pattern in the pavement structure below it
Reflection cracks
45
These are cracks (sometimes crescent shaped) that points in the direction of the thrust of the wheels on the pavement surface.
These cracks are usually caused by the lack of bond between two pavement layers
Slippage cracks
46
What causes slippage cracks
Lack of bond between two pavement layers
47
These are written instructions that provides the necessary details about the specific requirements
Specification
48
This is the term used to *represent all drawings* including sections and details; and any supplemental drawings for complete execution of a specific project
Plans
49
This refers to the calculations of costs prepared on the basis of a detailed analysis of materials and labor for all items or work, as contrasted with an estimate based on a current area, volume, or similar unit cost
estimates
50
This is the agreement between two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforced by law
Contract
51
This is a written document issued by appropriate governmental authority permitting construction to begin on a specific project in accordance with drawings and specification approved by the governmental authority
Building permit
52
This is the process where props or posts of timber or other material in compression is used for the temporary support of excavations, formwork, or unsafe structure
Shoring
53
Material encasing prestressing steel to prevent bonding of the prestressing steel with the surrounding concrete to provide corrosion protection and to contain the corrosion inhibiting coating
Sheeting
54
This is a system user in construction to protect workers and equipements. It icludes sheet pules, trench boxes, and othrr protective systems
Shielding
55
This is a structure used to provide all-around lateral support to an excavation. It may be either open or pneumatic
Piles
56
This is a pile in the form of a plank driven in close contact or interlocking with others to provice a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials
Sheet pile
57
This is a slender isolation foundation member of either plain or reinforced concrete that is cast on end in the ground
Pier
58
This is a place where vessels may discharge or receive cargo
Port
59
This is a structure built alongside the water or perpendicular to the shore where ships berth for loading anf discharging goods
Wharf
60
This is a part of a foundation, a watertight chamber used in construction underwater, or a hollow floating box used as a floodgate for a dock or basin
Caissons
61
It is consist of a heavy ram in between the leads in the lpile driving equipment
Drop hammer
62
This is the process of reducing the volume of voids in a material such as soil by input if mechanical energy
Compaction
63
This is a mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregates, and water, with or without admixtures, fubere, or other cementitious materials
Concrete
64
This is a dark brown or black, cementitious material, solid or semi-solid consistency whose main constituents is called bitumen
asphalt
65
What is the main constituent of asphalt
Bitumen
66
This is the active constituent of bituminous material that are soluble in Carbon disulfide
Bitumen
67
It is a type of soil that can be made plastic by adjusting water content. It exhibits considerable strength when airdried
Clay
68
This is a property of fresh concrete, fresh mortar, or fresh paste, indicative of the degree of its resistance to mocement or firmness
Consistency
69
This refers to the amount of moisture held in concrete and mostly expressed as a percentage
Moisture content
70
This refers to the decrease in either length or volume of a material resulting from changes in moisture content or chemical changes
Shrinkage
71
This is the material applied to
a surface by brushing, dipping, mopping, spraying, troweling etc. to Preserve, protect, decorate, seal or smooth the substrate.
Coating
72
The application of a low viscosity asphalt to a prepared subgrade base or base rock.
Prime coat
73
This is the additional coating in to surfaces.
Overcoat
74
What happens when you overcoat an unprepared surface?
It causes cracking
75
This is an additional layer of coating into pavement or base course to provide protection from damage.
Seal coat
76
A single initial application of bituminous material to an existing bituminous, Portland cement or block surface or base.
Tact coat or Tack coat
77
It is the most important process to prepare the concrete. Proportioning of aggregates, cement, and water prior to mixing.
Batching
78
This is the process of mixing the materials such as aggregate, admixtures and water to form concrete.
Mixing
79
This term refers to the process of laying a pavement.
Paving
80
The development of the mechanical properties of the asphalt binder. This occurs after the emulsion has broken and the emulsion particle coalesce and bond to the aggregate.
Curing
81
This refers to the local flaking or peeling away of the near surface portion of the hardened concrete or mortar.
Scaling
82
The creation and maintaining of a shallow pond of water on the surface of a concrete slab to assist curing.
Ponding
83
It is the process of wearing away material from the coastal Profile due to imbalance in the supply and export of material from a certain section.
Coastal erosion
84
A wave abovre a water depth greater than half of its wavelength.
Deep water wave
85
This is a wave whose velocity of propagation is controlled primarily by gravity.
Gravity waves
86
Water waves more than ___ centimeters long are considered gravity waves.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 3
d. 8
5
87
This is a wave in water with a depth less than 1/20 of a wavelength.
Shallow wave
88
The mean height of the largest 1/3 of the waves in a wave spectrum.
Significant wave height
89
This is the mean of all individual waves in an observation interval of approximately half an hour.
Mean wave height
90
that part of an incident wave that is returned seaward when a wave impinges on a steep beach, barrier, or other reflecting surface.
Reflected wave
91
The time for a wave crest to traverse a distance equal to one wavelength.
Wave period
92
This is the time for 2 successive wave crest to pass a fixed point.
Wave period
93
This is a tide that occurs at or near the time of new or full moon, and which rises highest and falls lowest from the mean sea level.
Spring tide
94
The period of tide between low water and the succeeding high water.
Flood tide
95
These are wave conditions directly attributable to recent winds, as opposed to swell.
Wind sea
96
These are waves caused by wind at the place and time of observation.
Sea
97
True or false.
Seas refer to waves that are actively growing.
true
98
This refers to the passing of water over the top of a structure as a result of a wave run-up or surge action.
Overtopping
99
A rise above normal water level on the open coast due to the action of wind stress on the water surface.
Storm surge
100
It refers to the mechanical removal of consolidated soil or unconsolidated material (such as aggregates like sand, gravels, and shell) from the seabed, beach, or dunes.
Mining
101
This term refers to the degree of exposure or chances of exposure to hazards.
Risk
102
This term refers to anything that may likely cause personal injury or damage to property or their combination.
Hazard
103
This is a human activity resulting in accident injury, property loss, or harm to the environment.
Unsafe act
104
This is seen as a physical or chemical property in the material that can cause accidents.
Unsafe condition
105
This term refers to the physical or environmental conditions of work or employment, which substantially comply with the provision of these standards.
Safety
106
fitting the job to the worker and to prevent workplace injury.
Ergonomics
107
This refers to any physical material or equipment that is placed between the employee and workplace hazards to reduce the injury potential of the hazard.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
108
It connote a sound of state of the body and mind of the worker, which enables him to perform his job normally, in a state of well-being.
Health
109
Shall mean an unplanned or unexpected occurrence that may or may not result in person or injury, property damage, work stoppage or interference, or any combination thereof, which arises out of and in the course of employment.
Work accident
110
This term shall mean any injury or occupational illness suffered by a person, which arises out of or in the course of his employment.
Work injury
111
It is a probability of a mechanism that will function satisfactorily. If the mechanism is to operate infirmitently and briefly, it is also referring to performance on a given occasion.
If the mechanism is to operate continuously, it refers its performance for a specific period of time.
Reliability
112
This is the root mean square of the deviation about the arithmetic mean of a set of values
Standard deviation
113
It is a sum of scores divided by the number of cases popularly known as the average.
Mean
114
It is the middle number of a set of numbers arranged in a numerical order.
Median
115
It is the value which occurs the most frequent in a given distribution
Mode
116
There's a source of error in taping when a tape may differ in actual length from its nominal graduated length because of a defect in manufacture or repair, or a result of kinks.
Instrumental error
117
A taping error due to effects of temperature, pull and weight of the tape itself.
Natural error
118
A taping error due to setting of pins, reading the tape, or manipulating the equipment.
Personal error
119
It is defined as the number of vehicles passing a point on highway or a given a lane or direction of a highway in a specific time.
Volume
120
These are generally expressed in units of "veh/hr" but represents flow that exists for a period of time less than an hour.
Rate of Flow
121
This is the average speed of all vehicles passing a point over a specific time period
Time mean speed
122
Average speed of all vehicles occupying a given section of roadway over a specific time period
Space mean speed
123
This refers to the number of vehicles occupying a road lane per unit lengt at a given instant in time and is usually measured in vehicle per mile or per kilometer.
Density
124
This refers to the maximum sustained 15-min floor rate, expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane, that can be accommodated by uniform freeway segment under prevailing traffic and roadway conditions in one direction of flow.
Capacity
125
A survey method in which the directions of survey lines are determined by means of a compass.
Compass Surveying
126
An instrument for determining the horizontal direction of a line with reference to the direction of a magnetic needle
Surveyor’s Compass
127
The angle that the magnetic meridian makes with the true meridian
Magnetic Declination
128
The vertical angle which the magnetic needle makes with the horizontal due to uneven magnetic attraction from the magnetic poles.
Magnetic Dip
129
Imaginary lines passing through places having the same magnetic declination.
Isogonic Lines
130
Imaginary lines passing through places having the same magnetic dip.
Isoclinic Lines
131
Imaginary lines passing through places having zero declination.
Agonic Lines
132
A sphere of infinite radius with the earth at the center. This is where the sun and other celestial bodies are assumed to lie on
Celestial Sphere
133
The point on the celestial sphere vertically above the observer.
Zenith
134
The point on the celestial sphere exactly opposite the zenith.
Nadir
135
The point where the earth’s rotational axis, extended from the north pole, intersects the celestial sphere.
North Celestial Pole
136
The point exactly opposite the north celestial pole.
South Celestial Pole
137
Any great circle on the celestial sphere which passes through the zenith and nadir.
Vertical Circle
138
A great circle on the celestial sphere whose plane is perpendicular to any vertical circle.
Horizontal Circle
139
Any great circle on the celestial sphere which passes through the north and south celestial poles
Hour Circle
140
The great circle on the celestial sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the hour circle
Celestial Equator
141
The angular distance between the body and the equator
Declination
142
The complement of declination
Polar Distance / Co-Declination
143
The angular distance from the observers horizon to the celestial body.
Altitude
144
The complement of altitude
Zenith Distance / Co-Altitude
145
The angular distance from the equator to the observers position
Latitude
146
The complement of Latitude
Co-Latitude
147
Also known as the PZS-Triangle. A spherical triangle on the surface of the celestial sphere with the north Celestial pole, Zenith, and the observed heavenly body (oftentimes the sun) as the vertices.
Astronomical Triangle
148
It is derived from the latin ‘aequus noctis’ which means “equal nights”
Equinox
149
This marks when the Northern Hemisphere starts to tilt towards the sun, which means longer, sunnier days.
March Equinox / Vernal Equinox
For the Southern Hemisphere, this marks the autumnal Equinox
150
This marks the first day of fall (autumn) for the Northern Hemisphere
September Equinox / Autumnal Equinox
For the Southern Hemisphere, this marks the Vernal Equinox
151
How time zones are there?
How wide does each time zone cover?
24 time zones, covers 15deg each
152
360deg of longitude = ____hours
15deg of longitude = ____ hours
1deg of longitude = ____minutes
24 hours
1 hour
4 minutes
153
The meridian of 0 longitude which passes through Greenwich, UK
Prime Meridian
154
The middle of each zone is called…
Central Meridian
155
It is the procedure used in the measurement of depth of points within a body of water.
Sounding
156
An instrument used for measuring angles between coastal features for locating the position of a boat relative to the shore.
Sextant
157
This is the first successful microwave electronic distance measurement device.
Tellurometer
