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MSTE > Definition of Terms > Flashcards

Definition of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

It is also known as Geomatics. It is defined as the science of gathering information about the physical earth.

A

Surveying

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2
Q

This type of survey relates to laws and land ownership. It includes establishment of real property boundaries

A

Cadastral Surveys

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3
Q

It is a type of survey often called as “stake-out”, “lay-out” or “setting-out” and is performed to establish reference points and markers that will guide the construction.

A

Construction Surveys

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4
Q

This type of survey includes mapping of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, etc.

A

Hydrographic Surveys

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5
Q

It is a type of survey that requires high accuracy and precision. In includes alignment of machineries and optical tooling.

A

Industrial Surveys

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6
Q

A type of survey that includes the practice of measuring and mapping on-ground or underground points for the purpose of utilizing mineral deposits.

A

Mine Surveys

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7
Q

It is a type of survey that obtains reliable spatial information from photographic images (may it be aerial or terrestrial).

A

Photogrammetric Surveys

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8
Q

It is a type of survey that provides the data needed to determine horizontal and vertical alignment for the design of linear structures such as roads, railways, pipelines, etc.

A

Route Surveys

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9
Q

It is a type of survey used to map natural and/or man-made features on the ground as well as obtain elevations.

A

Topographic Surveys

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10
Q

This is one of the simplest method of measuring distances. It is used in instances where approximate results can be enough for the data needed.

A

Pacing

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11
Q

It is to determine whether a concrete has the specified compressive strength.

A

Compression Test

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12
Q

useful in determining the shearing strength resistance along recognizable weal planes within the soil material.

A

Direct Shear Test

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13
Q

Determines the asphalt content of liquid asphalt.

A

Distillation Test

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14
Q

measures the ability of the asphalt to stretch without breaking.

A

Ductility Test

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15
Q

To determine the amount of asphalt present in mix.

A

Extraction Test

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16
Q

measures the distance that standard needle will penetrate the sample at a given temperature in a specified time.

A

Penetration Test

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17
Q

Determines if asphalt is overheated during production.

A

Spot Test

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18
Q

Determines the presence of larger globules of asphalt in the emulsion.

A

Sleve Test

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19
Q

It measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets and to check its workability.

A

Slump Test

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20
Q

it rounds off the formed edge of the slab to prevents chipping or damage.

A

Edging

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21
Q

where free water in the concrete mix is pushed upward to the surface due to the settlement of heavier solid particles.

A

Bleeding

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22
Q

first step in finishing the concrete, the action of flattening poured concrete into a smooth or flat layer prior to finishing the surface.

A

Screeding

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23
Q

slab deflection under passing loads sometimes resulting in the discharge of water and sub-grade soils along joints, cracks, and pavement edges.

A

Pumping

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24
Q

the localized upward displacement of a pavement due to the swelling of the sub-grade or some portion of the pavement structure.

A

Upheaval

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25
Q

A form of plastic movement resulting to localized bulging of the pavement.

A

Shoving

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26
Q

channelized depressions that may develop in the wheel tracks of an asphalt pavement.

A

rutting

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27
Q

the *progressive separation of aggregate particles in a pavement from the surface downward of from the edges inward.

A

Raveling

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28
Q

localized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at transverse joints or cracks.

A

Blowup

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29
Q

the breakdown or disintegration of slab edge at joints or cracks.

A

Joint/Crack Spalling

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30
Q

is the process of wearing away of surface due to friction.

A

Surface Abrasion

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31
Q

the difference in elevation between the joints due to settlement of pavements, erosion of material under the pavement, and change in temperature.

A

Faulting

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32
Q

the point on the sub-grade directly below the edge of the pavement from which the sub grade slopes downward to the point of slope selection.

A

Hinge point

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33
Q

This is the point at which the cut or fill slopes intersect the existing ground

A

Stake points

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34
Q

This is the point where the design side slope intersect with the ground.

The actual intersection position of the side slope with the existing ground surface

A

Catch point

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35
Q

This is the layer of soil prepared to support a pavement structure or pavement system. It is the foundation of the pavement structure

A

Sub-grade

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36
Q

This is the course in the asphalt pavement structure immediately below the base course.

If the subgrade soil has adequate support, it may serve as a _____

A

Sub-base

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37
Q

The lower or underlying pavement course atop the subbase or subgrade and under the top or wearing course

A

Base

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38
Q

The ability of an asphalt paving surface, particularly when wet, to offer resistance to slipping or skidding

A

Skid resistance

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39
Q

Any condition that might contribute to making a pavement slippery

A

Skid hazard

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40
Q

Interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks that is usually caused by excessive deflection of the surface over unstable subgrade or lower courses of the pavement

A

Alligator Cracks

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41
Q

What causes alligator cracks

A

Excessive deflection of the surface over unstable subgrade or lower courses of the pavement

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42
Q

These are interconnected cracks forming a series of large blocks, usually with sharp corners or angles

A

Shrinkage cracks

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43
Q

These are vertical cracks in the pavement that follows a course approximately parallel to the center line

A

Longitudinal cracks

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44
Q

Cracks in the asphalt overly that reflect the crack pattern in the pavement structure below it

A

Reflection cracks

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45
Q

These are cracks (sometimes crescent shaped) that points in the direction of the thrust of the wheels on the pavement surface.

These cracks are usually caused by the lack of bond between two pavement layers

A

Slippage cracks

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46
Q

What causes slippage cracks

A

Lack of bond between two pavement layers

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47
Q

These are written instructions that provides the necessary details about the specific requirements

A

Specification

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48
Q

This is the term used to represent all drawings including sections and details; and any supplemental drawings for complete execution of a specific project

A

Plans

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49
Q

This refers to the calculations of costs prepared on the basis of a detailed analysis of materials and labor for all items or work, as contrasted with an estimate based on a current area, volume, or similar unit cost

A

estimates

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50
Q

This is the agreement between two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforced by law

A

Contract

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51
Q

This is a written document issued by appropriate governmental authority permitting construction to begin on a specific project in accordance with drawings and specification approved by the governmental authority

A

Building permit

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52
Q

This is the process where props or posts of timber or other material in compression is used for the temporary support of excavations, formwork, or unsafe structure

A

Shoring

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53
Q

Material encasing prestressing steel to prevent bonding of the prestressing steel with the surrounding concrete to provide corrosion protection and to contain the corrosion inhibiting coating

A

Sheeting

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54
Q

This is a system user in construction to protect workers and equipements. It icludes sheet pules, trench boxes, and othrr protective systems

A

Shielding

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55
Q

This is a structure used to provide all-around lateral support to an excavation. It may be either open or pneumatic

A

Piles

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56
Q

This is a pile in the form of a plank driven in close contact or interlocking with others to provice a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials

A

Sheet pile

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57
Q

This is a slender isolation foundation member of either plain or reinforced concrete that is cast on end in the ground

A

Pier

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58
Q

This is a place where vessels may discharge or receive cargo

A

Port

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59
Q

This is a structure built alongside the water or perpendicular to the shore where ships berth for loading anf discharging goods

A

Wharf

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60
Q

This is a part of a foundation, a watertight chamber used in construction underwater, or a hollow floating box used as a floodgate for a dock or basin

A

Caissons

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61
Q

It is consist of a heavy ram in between the leads in the lpile driving equipment

A

Drop hammer

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62
Q

This is the process of reducing the volume of voids in a material such as soil by input if mechanical energy

A

Compaction

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63
Q

This is a mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregates, and water, with or without admixtures, fubere, or other cementitious materials

A

Concrete

64
Q

This is a dark brown or black, cementitious material, solid or semi-solid consistency whose main constituents is called bitumen

A

asphalt

65
Q

What is the main constituent of asphalt

A

Bitumen

66
Q

This is the active constituent of bituminous material that are soluble in Carbon disulfide

A

Bitumen

67
Q

It is a type of soil that can be made plastic by adjusting water content. It exhibits considerable strength when airdried

A

Clay

68
Q

This is a property of fresh concrete, fresh mortar, or fresh paste, indicative of the degree of its resistance to mocement or firmness

A

Consistency

69
Q

This refers to the amount of moisture held in concrete and mostly expressed as a percentage

A

Moisture content

70
Q

This refers to the decrease in either length or volume of a material resulting from changes in moisture content or chemical changes

A

Shrinkage

71
Q

This is the material applied to
a surface by brushing, dipping, mopping, spraying, troweling etc. to Preserve, protect, decorate, seal or smooth the substrate.

A

Coating

72
Q

The application of a low viscosity asphalt to a prepared subgrade base or base rock.

A

Prime coat

73
Q

This is the additional coating in to surfaces.

A

Overcoat

74
Q

What happens when you overcoat an unprepared surface?

A

It causes cracking

75
Q

This is an additional layer of coating into pavement or base course to provide protection from damage.

A

Seal coat

76
Q

A single initial application of bituminous material to an existing bituminous, Portland cement or block surface or base.

A

Tact coat or Tack coat

77
Q

It is the most important process to prepare the concrete. Proportioning of aggregates, cement, and water prior to mixing.

A

Batching

78
Q

This is the process of mixing the materials such as aggregate, admixtures and water to form concrete.

A

Mixing

79
Q

This term refers to the process of laying a pavement.

A

Paving

80
Q

The development of the mechanical properties of the asphalt binder. This occurs after the emulsion has broken and the emulsion particle coalesce and bond to the aggregate.

A

Curing

81
Q

This refers to the local flaking or peeling away of the near surface portion of the hardened concrete or mortar.

A

Scaling

82
Q

The creation and maintaining of a shallow pond of water on the surface of a concrete slab to assist curing.

A

Ponding

83
Q

It is the process of wearing away material from the coastal Profile due to imbalance in the supply and export of material from a certain section.

A

Coastal erosion

84
Q

A wave abovre a water depth greater than half of its wavelength.

A

Deep water wave

85
Q

This is a wave whose velocity of propagation is controlled primarily by gravity.

A

Gravity waves

86
Q

Water waves more than ___ centimeters long are considered gravity waves.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 3
d. 8

A

5

87
Q

This is a wave in water with a depth less than 1/20 of a wavelength.

A

Shallow wave

88
Q

The mean height of the largest 1/3 of the waves in a wave spectrum.

A

Significant wave height

89
Q

This is the mean of all individual waves in an observation interval of approximately half an hour.

A

Mean wave height

90
Q

that part of an incident wave that is returned seaward when a wave impinges on a steep beach, barrier, or other reflecting surface.

A

Reflected wave

91
Q

The time for a wave crest to traverse a distance equal to one wavelength.

A

Wave period

92
Q

This is the time for 2 successive wave crest to pass a fixed point.

A

Wave period

93
Q

This is a tide that occurs at or near the time of new or full moon, and which rises highest and falls lowest from the mean sea level.

A

Spring tide

94
Q

The period of tide between low water and the succeeding high water.

A

Flood tide

95
Q

These are wave conditions directly attributable to recent winds, as opposed to swell.

A

Wind sea

96
Q

These are waves caused by wind at the place and time of observation.

A

Sea

97
Q

True or false.

Seas refer to waves that are actively growing.

A

true

98
Q

This refers to the passing of water over the top of a structure as a result of a wave run-up or surge action.

A

Overtopping

99
Q

A rise above normal water level on the open coast due to the action of wind stress on the water surface.

A

Storm surge

100
Q

It refers to the mechanical removal of consolidated soil or unconsolidated material (such as aggregates like sand, gravels, and shell) from the seabed, beach, or dunes.

A

Mining

101
Q

This term refers to the degree of exposure or chances of exposure to hazards.

A

Risk

102
Q

This term refers to anything that may likely cause personal injury or damage to property or their combination.

A

Hazard

103
Q

This is a human activity resulting in accident injury, property loss, or harm to the environment.

A

Unsafe act

104
Q

This is seen as a physical or chemical property in the material that can cause accidents.

A

Unsafe condition

105
Q

This term refers to the physical or environmental conditions of work or employment, which substantially comply with the provision of these standards.

A

Safety

106
Q

fitting the job to the worker and to prevent workplace injury.

A

Ergonomics

107
Q

This refers to any physical material or equipment that is placed between the employee and workplace hazards to reduce the injury potential of the hazard.

A

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

108
Q

It connote a sound of state of the body and mind of the worker, which enables him to perform his job normally, in a state of well-being.

A

Health

109
Q

Shall mean an unplanned or unexpected occurrence that may or may not result in person or injury, property damage, work stoppage or interference, or any combination thereof, which arises out of and in the course of employment.

A

Work accident

110
Q

This term shall mean any injury or occupational illness suffered by a person, which arises out of or in the course of his employment.

A

Work injury

111
Q

It is a probability of a mechanism that will function satisfactorily. If the mechanism is to operate infirmitently and briefly, it is also referring to performance on a given occasion.

If the mechanism is to operate continuously, it refers its performance for a specific period of time.

A

Reliability

112
Q

This is the root mean square of the deviation about the arithmetic mean of a set of values

A

Standard deviation

113
Q

It is a sum of scores divided by the number of cases popularly known as the average.

A

Mean

114
Q

It is the middle number of a set of numbers arranged in a numerical order.

A

Median

115
Q

It is the value which occurs the most frequent in a given distribution

A

Mode

116
Q

There’s a source of error in taping when a tape may differ in actual length from its nominal graduated length because of a defect in manufacture or repair, or a result of kinks.

A

Instrumental error

117
Q

A taping error due to effects of temperature, pull and weight of the tape itself.

A

Natural error

118
Q

A taping error due to setting of pins, reading the tape, or manipulating the equipment.

A

Personal error

119
Q

It is defined as the number of vehicles passing a point on highway or a given a lane or direction of a highway in a specific time.

A

Volume

120
Q

These are generally expressed in units of “veh/hr” but represents flow that exists for a period of time less than an hour.

A

Rate of Flow

121
Q

This is the average speed of all vehicles passing a point over a specific time period

A

Time mean speed

122
Q

Average speed of all vehicles occupying a given section of roadway over a specific time period

A

Space mean speed

123
Q

This refers to the number of vehicles occupying a road lane per unit lengt at a given instant in time and is usually measured in vehicle per mile or per kilometer.

A

Density

124
Q

This refers to the maximum sustained 15-min floor rate, expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane, that can be accommodated by uniform freeway segment under prevailing traffic and roadway conditions in one direction of flow.

A

Capacity

125
Q

A survey method in which the directions of survey lines are determined by means of a compass.

A

Compass Surveying

126
Q

An instrument for determining the horizontal direction of a line with reference to the direction of a magnetic needle

A

Surveyor’s Compass

127
Q

The angle that the magnetic meridian makes with the true meridian

A

Magnetic Declination

128
Q

The vertical angle which the magnetic needle makes with the horizontal due to uneven magnetic attraction from the magnetic poles.

A

Magnetic Dip

129
Q

Imaginary lines passing through places having the same magnetic declination.

A

Isogonic Lines

130
Q

Imaginary lines passing through places having the same magnetic dip.

A

Isoclinic Lines

131
Q

Imaginary lines passing through places having zero declination.

A

Agonic Lines

132
Q

A sphere of infinite radius with the earth at the center. This is where the sun and other celestial bodies are assumed to lie on

A

Celestial Sphere

133
Q

The point on the celestial sphere vertically above the observer.

A

Zenith

134
Q

The point on the celestial sphere exactly opposite the zenith.

A

Nadir

135
Q

The point where the earth’s rotational axis, extended from the north pole, intersects the celestial sphere.

A

North Celestial Pole

136
Q

The point exactly opposite the north celestial pole.

A

South Celestial Pole

137
Q

Any great circle on the celestial sphere which passes through the zenith and nadir.

A

Vertical Circle

138
Q

A great circle on the celestial sphere whose plane is perpendicular to any vertical circle.

A

Horizontal Circle

139
Q

Any great circle on the celestial sphere which passes through the north and south celestial poles

A

Hour Circle

140
Q

The great circle on the celestial sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the hour circle

A

Celestial Equator

141
Q

The angular distance between the body and the equator

A

Declination

142
Q

The complement of declination

A

Polar Distance / Co-Declination

143
Q

The angular distance from the observers horizon to the celestial body.

A

Altitude

144
Q

The complement of altitude

A

Zenith Distance / Co-Altitude

145
Q

The angular distance from the equator to the observers position

A

Latitude

146
Q

The complement of Latitude

A

Co-Latitude

147
Q

Also known as the PZS-Triangle. A spherical triangle on the surface of the celestial sphere with the north Celestial pole, Zenith, and the observed heavenly body (oftentimes the sun) as the vertices.

A

Astronomical Triangle

148
Q

It is derived from the latin ‘aequus noctis’ which means “equal nights”

A

Equinox

149
Q

This marks when the Northern Hemisphere starts to tilt towards the sun, which means longer, sunnier days.

A

March Equinox / Vernal Equinox

For the Southern Hemisphere, this marks the autumnal Equinox

150
Q

This marks the first day of fall (autumn) for the Northern Hemisphere

A

September Equinox / Autumnal Equinox

For the Southern Hemisphere, this marks the Vernal Equinox

151
Q

How time zones are there?
How wide does each time zone cover?

A

24 time zones, covers 15deg each

152
Q

360deg of longitude = ____hours
15deg of longitude = ____ hours
1deg of longitude = ____minutes

A

24 hours
1 hour
4 minutes

153
Q

The meridian of 0 longitude which passes through Greenwich, UK

A

Prime Meridian

154
Q

The middle of each zone is called…

A

Central Meridian

155
Q

It is the procedure used in the measurement of depth of points within a body of water.

A

Sounding

156
Q

An instrument used for measuring angles between coastal features for locating the position of a boat relative to the shore.

A

Sextant

157
Q

This is the first successful microwave electronic distance measurement device.

A

Tellurometer

MSTE (3 decks)

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