Definition

Question 1

Leaderships

Answer 1

Guidance of others in their pursuits, often,by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting and motivating the effort of others.

Question 2

Fundamentals attribution error (FAE)

Answer 2

They blame the personalities of the individuals rather than the powerful group process at work that forced them to obey-even though a closer more informed analysis of the situation would reveal the power pressures the members faced.

Question 3

Transformational a Leadership

Answer 3

Motivates followers 
Engenders confidence 
Generates high level of satisfaction 
Unites members to pursue shared goals
Makes goals challenging 
Inspires change in beliefs, values, needs and attitudes.

Question 4

Additive task

Answer 4

When all group members perform the same job and group performance in a sum of individual performance. Examples- relay race .

Question 5

Group

Answer 5

Disagreements, discord and friction that occurs when the actions or beliefs of one or more members of the group are unacceptable to and resisted by one or more of the other group members.

Question 6

Competition

Answer 6

Success that is dependent on performing better than others.

Question 7

Compensatory Task

Answer 7

Judgement of individuals are pooled;errors by some can be corrected by others.

The group average is the group product-again everybody has something to contribute.

Question 8

Conjunctive

Answer 8

Group tasks which require every group member to complete the task.
The achievement of the group is defined by its least able member.

Question 9

Discretionary task

Answer 9

Group tasks in which groups can combine individual contributions as it chooses

Question 10

Disjunctive Task

Answer 10

Task which require the group to select a single correct answer.
The achievement of the group is defined by its most able member.

Question 11

Divisible Task

Answer 11

Can be divided into subtasks and individual members can be assigned specific subtasks to be completed in contribution to the greater task.

Example: a group of students assigned a test to complete together as a group, can divide the questions among the individual students to be completed bases on specific areas of expertise.

Question 12

Unitary Task

Answer 12

Tasks cannot be divided into subtasks which require the group to either work together on the one task or have only one individual complete the task with the remainder of the group becoming bystanders.

Question 13

Compliance

Answer 13

A change in opinion, judgement, or action to match the opinions,judgement, or actions of other group members or the group’s normative standards.

Question 14

Head-of-the-table effect

Answer 14

The social meaning associated with sitting at the head of the table. Sommer suggest that in many groups, the chair at the end of the table is the most salient position.

Question 15

Intellective Tasks:

Answer 15

Correct answer task

Question 16

Judgements Tasks

Answer 16

Judge mental tasks are evaluative, behavioral, or aesthetic judgements for which no generally accepted demonstrably correct answer exists.

Question 17

Ringlemann Effect

Answer 17

The Ringlemann effect is the tendency for the individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases.

Question 18

Social Compensation

Answer 18

Refers to the phenomenon that individuals increase their effort on a collective task ( compared with how hard they try when working individually) to compensate for the anticipated poor performance of other group members.

Question 19

Social Facilitation

Answer 19

Or the audience effect, is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone. Compared to their performance when alone, when in the presence of others, they tend to perform better on simple or well rehearsed tasks and worse on complex or new ones.

Question 20

Social Loafing

Answer 20

Refers to the concept that people are prone to exert less effort on a task if they are n a group versus when they work alone. The idea of working in groups is typically seen as a way to improve the accomplishment of a by pooling the skills and talents of the individuals in that group.

Question 21

Procedural Justice

Answer 21

Is the idea of fairness in the process that resolve disputes and allocates resources. One aspect of procedural justice is related to the discussion of the administration of justice and legal proceedings.

Question 22

Confirmation Bias

Answer 22

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.

Question 23

Shared information Bias

Answer 23

This is know as the tendency for group members to spend more time and energy discussing information that all members are already familiar with, and less energy discussing information that some members are aware of.

Question 24

Sunk Cost Bias

Answer 24

It may also be used as shorthand for an error in analysis due to the sunk cost fallacy, irrational decision-making or, most simply, as irrelevant data. Economists argue that sunk costs are taken into account when making rational decisions.

Question 25

Transactive Memory System

Answer 25

This a mechanism through which groups collectively encode,store,and retrieve knowledge.

Question 26

Cross Categorization

Answer 26

Describes intergroup contexts defined by not one but two dimensions of social categorization.

Question 27

Stereotype

Answer 27

A widely held fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Question 28

Ambience

Answer 28

The Character and atmosphere of a place.

Question 29

Social fugal Spaces

Answer 29

Tends to keep people apart and suppress communication while sociopetal space( radial) does just the opposite. It brings people together and stimulates interaction as routes merge and overlap.

Question 30

Sociopetal Spaces

Answer 30

Arranged so that each can see and interact with the other.

Question 31

Prisoners Dilemma Game

Answer 31

The Prisoner’s Dilemma is a canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so.