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Sociology vanier > Definition #1 Quiz ( Chapter 2) > Flashcards

Definition #1 Quiz ( Chapter 2) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The 6 steps to scientific method / how to analyze your test results :

A

1) define problem
2) gather relevant data
3) formulate a hypothesis
4) test your hypothesis
5) analyze test results = ( survey , observation , experiment, existing sources )
6) présent a conclusion

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2
Q

Operational definition

A

Is the complete specific and descriptive process that will take place when performing as investigation

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3
Q

Causal logic :

A

The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence with one event leading to the other

  • changes in one variable when mesures directly causes changes in the other *
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4
Q

Correlation

A

A relationship between two or more variables in which a change in one coincides with a change in the other

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5
Q

Independent variable

A

To cause or to influence another

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6
Q

Dépendant variable:

A

Subject that is influenced by another variable

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7
Q

Variable:

A

Mesurable trait that changes when in different conditions

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8
Q

Reliability:

A

Produces consistent results

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9
Q

Mode :

A

Value that repeats itself for that is most common

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10
Q

Sample

A

Statiscal representation of the population

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11
Q

Random sample :

A

EVERY MEMBER of entire population has chance of being chosen

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12
Q

Interview :

A

Face to face
Telephone questioning
Or respondents to obtain desired information

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13
Q

Ethnography :

A

The study of entire social environment though extending systematic observation

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14
Q

Secondary analysis :

A

the re- analysis of quantitative or qualitative data already collected in a previous study by different researcher other researchers

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15
Q

Quantitative research

A

Research that collects / reports data in numerical form

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16
Q

Hawthorne effect / observer effect :

A

People will unintentionally modify their behavior simply because they are being watched

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17
Q

Control group

A

The group in an experiment that does not receive treatment by researchers

  • used as bench mark to measure how the other tested subjects do *
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18
Q

Value neutrality

A

Max w(v)ebers term for objectivity of sociologist in the interpretation of data

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19
Q

How do we know the things we know ?

Through ..:

A

1) personal experience
2) discovering things for ourselves
3) tradition : “ how things have always been “
4) religion
5) science ( using controlled systematic research)

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20
Q

Question :What is sociology ?

A

Question What is sociology ?

Answer : scientific study of human behavior

21
Q

Question: How is sociology considered a scientific study ? ( 2 reasons) :

A

Question How is sociology considered a scientific study ? :
Answer : 1) because we use
statistics
2) we conduct surveys

22
Q

Question : name three issues that sociologist study :

A 
Question : name three issues that sociologist study :
Answer :
-racism 
- government 
-religion
23
Q

Question : list 4 examples social categories ( also called = demographics) :

A 
Question : list 4 examples   social categories ( also called = demographics) : 
Answer : 
-race 
- age 
- gender 
- language
24
Q

Question : What do. Sociologist look into : ( name4 )

A

What do sociologist look into :
Answer :

1) looking at society’s norms/ rules
2) looking at how society is socially constructed
3 )how individual behavior can be shaped by or influenced by groups

4) which groups do we belong to

25
Q

What does The sociological perspective study ?:

A

What does the sociological perspective study ?

Answer : the sociological perspective studies the impact of social forces on human behavior

26
Q

Can comedians be sociologist? And how

A

Yes they can because some of them talk about social issues in a micro and macro scale as well as some of them may use statistics when making there statements

27
Q

What does SOCIAL IMAGINATION mean :

What does social imagination need to differ from :

What is C . Wreigh Mills’s ( 1959 ) known for :

A

What does SOCIAL IMAGINATION mean : social imagination means -
thinking outside the box
- debunking myths and stereotypes
-to not blame the individual
- ability to understand the dynamic between larger « SOCIAL FORCES = ( institutions) «and people’s personal lives

What does social imagination need to differ from : it needs to differ from
- personal troubles = micro
And
- social issues = macro

What is C . Wreigh Mills’s ( 1959 ) known for : creator of the term “ social imagination “

28
Q

Difference between macro and micro issues : with examples

A

Macro-level sociology looks at large-scale social processes

Examples of macro : such as social stability and change. Looking and analyzing institutions

Micro-level sociology : looks at small-scale interactions between individuals

Eaxample micro : such as conversation or group dynamics.

29
Q

What are social forces give 3 examples :

A

1) schools
2) media
3) institutions

30
Q

Case study :
Durkheim and suicide : ( Emile Durkheim)

Name three things that Durkheim studied ? :

List the Differences between three groups :

What myth was Durkheim able to debunk :

What theory did Durkheim develope :

A

1) studies suicide
2) individual and psychological problems
3 ) why some groups have a higher level of suicide

Diffebces between three groups :
1) looking at single people VS married
2) Looking at urban city VS A rural ( country )
3 )looking at catholic VS. Protestant

What myth was Durkheim able to debunk : he debunked the the myth that suicide is just
individual

What theory did Durkheim développe :
Social integration is what he developed
* if you’re more socially intergrated you’re less likely to commit suicide *

31
Q

What is to commit a ecological fallacy :?

A

Answer : committing ecological fallacy means to

  • apply group level findings to individuals
  • using stereotypes instead of thinking sociologically

Example ; Asians in math

32
Q

List the sociologist in order :

A

1) auguste compte = father of sociology / from France
2) Emile Durkheim = from France
3) Karl Marx = German
4) max Weber = German
5) Harriet Martineau = mother of sociology/ England

33
Q

Name things all the sociologist did / believed in :

Harriet Martineau 
 Karl Marx
Émile Durkheim 
Max Weber 
Auguste comte
A

Harriet Martineau =

  • spoke out for women rights ,
  • and emancipation of slaves
  • religious tolerance
  • translated Comte’s work
  • conducted empirical research

Karl Marx=

  • social order
  • integration
  • worked on emphasizing importance and significance of power
  • Marxism = communist movement in order to unite socialist around Europe
  • primary problem in modern society : capitalism = opression

Émile Durkheim = ( he would be a functionalist )

  • *studied suicide *
  • saw the traditional bases of solodarity
  • studied how traditional and modern societies evolved and functioned
  • focused on religion and education

Max Weber = ( believed in the “ conflict theory”)

  • believed in less individuality
  • believed that humans would become machines
  • value neutrality = max Weber’s term for objectivity for sociologist through the interpretation of data

Auguste comte = ( hé would be a functionalist)

  • *father of sociology *
  • invented scientific method called positivism = using surveys / statistics / interviews
  • wanted to replace church with sociologist
  • wanted to use science to teach people how to behave
34
Q

Name the 4 theories and identify if it’s macro or micro ;

A

1 ) functionalism = macro looking at big issues analyzing institutions

2) conflict = macro theory looking at big issues and analyzing institutions
3) symbolic interactionist = micro theory
4) feminism = both micro and macro

35
Q

1) Topic : Functionalism ( Durkheim )

Definition on the 4 theories :

What does functionalism look at ?

What is an EQUILIBRIUM / balance :

What does disruption create :

What does having the same values do to a society :

What are the two functions of a social systems give an example for both :

A

Functionalism: looks at
- «what is the purpose «

  • does not like Change

What is an EQUILIBRIUM / balance : social systems unchanged if functioning

What does disruption create : disruption creates dis function

What does having the same values do to a society : having the same values stabilizes a society

What are the two functions of a social systems give an example for both :

1) manifest = that is obvious
- example going to school to learn

2) latent = that is hidden
- example = going to school in order to keep teens off the street

36
Q

2) Topic : Conflict theory

Définition of 4 theories :

What kind of issue is conflict theory micro or macro ? Based on who ?

Who struggles for the three basic ressources ?

What does conflict theory look into ? ( 3 answers )

What are the 3 p’s

A 
What kind of issue is conflict theory micro or macro ? 
Answer: macro based on Karl Marx  because he focused on class inequality

Who struggles for the three basic ressources ?
Answer : individuals and groups

What are the three p’s : 
Answer : 
- power 
- property
- prestige = status 
What does conflict theory look into ? 
Answer : 
-looks at inequality 
- and classism 
- It wants change = because it’s the only way people can gain rights
37
Q

3) Topic symbolic interactions :

Définition of 4 theories :

Is symbolic interactions considered micro or macro ? :?

3 things symbolic interaction look into :?
Answer :

A

Is symbolic interactions considered micro or macro ? :?
Answer : micro

3 things symbolic interaction look into :? 
Answer : 
- religious symbols 
- gender symbols 
- symbols and interactions
38
Q

4) Topic : feminism

Definition of 4 theories :

Would feminism be considered micro or macro?

Between who does feminism create links with ?

What does feminism focus on :

Definition of ANDROCENTRIC :

Intersectionality , who’s issues does it address :

Intersectionality is micro for who ?

Intersectionality is macro for who ?

A

Would feminism be considered micro or macro?
Answer : micro and macro because it looks at all inequalities

Between who does feminism create links with ?
Answer : statuses

What does feminism focus on :
Answer : focused on unequal power relations

Intersectionality , who’s issues does it address :
- addresss the issues that affect people of color

Intersectionality is micro for who ?

Intersectionality is macro for who ?

Answer :
Macro = for the whole population of people of color

Micro = for individuals of color 
Example = during interviews

Définition of ANDROCENTRIC :
Answer : having a male bias

39
Q

Norms are broken up to two sub categories : folkways and Mores

Folkways : definition / examples

Mores : definition/ examples

A 
Folkways :
- informal norms laid back not strict 
- suggestive way of behavior 
- no severe condemnation 
Examples : screaming , walking on the wrong side , throwing trash on the floor

Mors: you have to follow them , or there will be severe consequences
-very important norms
-strong moral condemnation
Examples : cheating , killing , stealing

40
Q

What is culture ;

Exemples of shared symbols in culture :

How is culture transmitted :

A

Culture : defines values and beliefs learned through interactions and shared symbols

Examples of shared symbols in culture = names , sports , flags. , language

How is culture transmited :
Transmited to each generation 
- stories 
- artifacts 
- old jewelry
41
Q

2 segments of culture:

Material culture ;

Non material culture:

A

Material culture : things you can touch physical objects

Non material culture:
- abstract components
Example= values and normes
Can’t touch it

42
Q

Values and normes what’s the difference:

A

Values ( what we believe as an individual) : beliefs about behavior
- right from wrong
Examples of values : family first, education means success

Norms ( what society expects us to do ): what society / group / person = expects

  • rules and expectations = the way to behave
  • society guides our behavior
43
Q

Symbolic interactions:

A

Symbolic interactions: that there is no right or wrong, just meanings we give to symbols

44
Q

What does deductive reasoning start with ?

A

Theory

45
Q

Who questioned commonly held beliefs and argued that high suicide rates were characteristic of large-scale societal problems?

A

Durkheim

46
Q

Empirical evidence :

A

is information acquired by observation or experimentation. Scientists record and analyze this data.

47
Q

Durkheim ‘s theory was

A

Functionalism = the division of labor and anomie

48
Q

How did Durkheim debunk the myth of suicide being the outcome of individual

A

he looked at factors that are external to the person who is suicidal including social norms, values, societies control, anything that could effect the person

Sociology vanier (6 decks)

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