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203-T2 > Defining the male and female reproductive tracts > Flashcards

Defining the male and female reproductive tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common functions of the reproductive organs in both genders?

What additional function does the female reproductive system carry out?

A

Production, storage and delivery of germ cells

FEMALE
Sustain and support developing foetus/embryo

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2
Q

State the gonads, internal ducts and external genitalia of the female anatomy

A

GONADS- ovarian

INTERNAL DUCT- fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina

EXTERNAL GENITALIA- Vulva (clitoris, vestibule, labia)

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3
Q

State the location, appearance, function, arterial supply, venous drainage and innervation of the ovaries

A

Location: lateral wall of the pelvis, inferior to pelvic inlet

Appearance: greek olives

Function: egg production, hormone secretion

Blood: gonadal arteries and veins

Nerves: ovarian plexus (abdomen)

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4
Q

State the contents of the ovarian cortex AND the ovarian medulla

A

OVARIAN CORTEX

  • ovarian follicles: germ cells to become ova
  • smooth muscle cells
  • corpus luteum: secretes progesterone
  • theca cells secrete androgens and granulosa convert to oestrogen

OVARIAN MEDULLA
- blood/lymph vessels and nerves

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5
Q

State the trajectory of the ova, exiting the ovaries

A

Fallopian tubes –> uterus –> cervix –> vagina

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6
Q

Put the following in order, beginning most anteriorly:

uterus, fallopian tubes, bladder, ovary

A

BLADDER
UTERUS
OVARY
FALLOPIAN TUBES

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7
Q

Describe the fallopian tubes thinking about:

  • function
  • length
  • structural adaptations
  • anatomy
  • VAN
A
  • Passageway from ovaries to uterus , normally the site of fertilisation
  • 8-10cm long, thin
  • Fimbriae capture released ovum, and inner wall contain cilia that propel the ovum
  • Fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
  • branches from uterine+ovarian arteries and veins
  • sympathetic innervation from ovarian and parasymp from pelvic splanchnic n
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8
Q

Describe the uterus. Think about:

  • the body/cervix
  • function
  • the wall
  • innervation
A
  • The body is a cone shape (2/3rds), the cervix is cylinderical
  • site of implantation of fertilised eg and foetus development
  • 3 layered wall: endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium
  • sympathetic from the hypogastric plexus (along with uterine artery), parasymo via the pelvic splanchnic nerve
  • touch and pain (during birth) via somatic afferents to S2-S4
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9
Q

State the vasculature of the female reproductive anatomy

A
  • Ovarian vessels
  • Uterine vessels
  • Vaginal arteries
  • Internal pudendal artery
  • GONADAL artery
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10
Q

Identify the part of the peritoneal membrane/broad ligament and its folds

A

Broad ligament (anterior and posterior aspect)

  • Ovarian ligament - suspends ovaries to uterus
  • Mesosalpinx - suspends fallopian tubes to uterus
  • Suspensory ligament (ovary to pelvic wall)
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11
Q

Describe the cervix

  • location
  • structure

How does its structure change with parity?

A
  • Inferior portion of uterus, cylinderical
  • Thick muscular layer - support developing foetus
  • Lumen- cervical canal
  • External os- communicates with vagina
  • Internal os- communicates with uterus

Round/oval os pre-vaginal delivery. Slit like os post-vaginal delivery

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12
Q

Describe the vagina

  • Describe its structure, appearance and function and VAN
A
  • musculomembranous tube
  • 7-9cm long
  • link cervix of uterus with vulva (vestibule)
  • function: canal for menstruation, receives penis during copulation (semen), forms part of the penis

VA- vaginal arteries and veins
N- parasymp from pelvic splanchnic n, symp from hypogastric plexus

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13
Q

Describe the uterine wall

A

Perimetrium- outer serous wall covering the uterus

Myometrium- thick muscular layer responsible for parturitium

Endometrium- inner mucous layer, site of implantation, thickness changes through menstrual cycle

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14
Q

State the different part of the external female genitalia

A 
Mons pubis
Prepuce
Clitotis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Urethral opening
Vaginal opening

Vestibular glands- Bartholin

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15
Q

What is the labia minora?

State the function of the labia, urethra, clitoris and Bartholin

What is the VAN of the external female anatmy

A

Encloses the vestibule (urethral and vaginal openings) and clitoris

Labia- copulatory organ
Urethra- outflow of urine
Clitoris- arousal
Bartholin- lubrication of vestibule

VA- pudendal artery and vein

N- branches of genitofemoral and pudendal n (e.g. dorsal n of clitoris)

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16
Q

State the gonads, internal ducts and external genitalia of the male anatomy

A

GONADS- testis

INTERNAL DUCT- vas deferens, efferent duct, epididymis, accessory glands (prostate), urethra

EXTERNAL GENITALS- scrotum, penis

17
Q

State the location, appearance, function, arterial supply, venous drainage and innervation of the testis

A

Location- suspended in scrotum

Appearance- small egg

Function- sperm production, hormone production

Blood- gonadal arteries and veins

Innervation- spermatic plexus (abdomen)

18
Q

State the contents of the testis

A

250-300 lobules (containing 4 seminiferous tubules each)

  • Spermatogenic: generate sperm cells
  • Sertoli- support germ cell production

Leydig cells (interstitual): secrete testosteroen

19
Q

State the trajectory of the sperm, exiting the testis

A

Seminiferous tubules (coiled tubes where sperm is produced) –>

Rete testis (straight tubules)–>

Efferent ductules (ducts leaving rete testis) –>

Epididymis (transport and storage of sperm) –>

Vas deferens (45cm thin tube)

20
Q

How does sperm travel within the abdomen

A
  • Spermatic cord suspends testis in scrotum, it contains the vas deferens, blood and lymphatic vessels, cremaster muscle and nerves (e.g. branch of genitofemoral)
  • Enter abdomen via superficial inguinal ring (then canal)
  • Deferens travels posteriorly, crosses over external iliacs and towards the back of bladder
  • Joined by duct seminal gland –> ejaculatory duct
21
Q

Describe the VAN of the male pelvic organs

A

V- inferior vesical vein drains lower bladder, middle rectal vein drains rectus

A- inferior vesical artery supplies lower bladder, middle rectal artery supplies rectus

N- sympathetic innervation from the splanchnic and hypogastric plexus, parasymp from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-3)

22
Q

Deferens duct is joined by accessory glands. Describe what they are and how they are supplied/drained

A

Seminal vesicles- 5cm elongated organ inferior to rectovesical pouch; secretes alkaline fluid and fructose + coagulate

Prostate- blunt inverted cone, 4cm, located at base of bladder and secretes prostatic fluid

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper)- pea sized, inferior to prostate, secretion assists lubrication of ducts

Blood: inf vesicles + prostatic vessels (int iliac artery)

23
Q

Outline the anatomy of the male urethra

A
  • Prostatic urethra
  • Membranous urethra
  • Penile urethra

Becomes membranous then penile/spongy urethra
- Corpora cavernosa, corpora spongiosa

Glans penis
Urethral opening

24
Q

State the nervous supply to the external male genitalia

A
  • dorsal nerve of penis
  • posterior scrotal nerve
  • perineal nerve
  • inferior rectal nerve
  • pudendal nerve

203-T2 (19 decks)

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