Defined Vocabulary List Flashcards
ἀγαθός, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθόν
good
ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἠγγέλθην
I announce
ἄγγελος, ἀγγέλου, ὁ
messenger
ἀγορά, ἀγορᾶς, ἡ
market-place
ἀγρός, ἀγροῦ, ὁ
field, countryside
ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἤχθην
I lead, bring
ἀγών, ἀγῶνος, ὁ
contest, trial
ἀδικέω
I do wrong, injure
ἄδικος, ἄδικος, ἄδικον
unjust, wrong
ἀεί
always
᾿Аθῆναι, ᾿Аθηνῶν, αἱ
Athens
᾿Аθηναῖοι, ᾿Аθηναίων, οἱ
the Athenians
᾿Аθηναῖος, ᾿Аθηναῖα, ᾿Аθηναῖον
Athenian
ἆθλον, ἄθλου, τό
prize, reward
αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, εἷλον, ᾑρέθην
I take
αἰσθάνομαι, αἰσθήσομαι, ᾐσθόμην
I notice, perceive
αἰσχρός, αἰσχρά, αἰσχρόν
shameful, ugly, disgraceful
αἰτέω
I ask, ask for
αἴτιος, αἰτία, αἴτιον + gen
responsible for, guilty of
αἰχμάλωτος, αἰχμαλώτου, ὁ
prisoner (of war)
ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἠκούσθην
I hear, listen
ἀληθής, ἀληθής, ἀληθές
true
ἀλλά
but
ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλο
other, another
ἄν
in conditional sentence, makes aorist verb mean ‘would have…’
ἀνά + acc
up
ἀναγκάζω, ἀναγκάσω, ἠνάγκασα, ἠναγκάσθην
I force, compel
ἀναχωρέω
I retreat, withdraw
ἀνδρεῖος, ἀνδρεία, ἀνδρεῖον
brave, manly
ἄνεμος, ἀνέμου, ὁ
wind
ἄνευ + gen
without
ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ
man, husband
ἄνθρωπος, ἀνθρώπου, ὁ
man, person
ἄξιος, ἀξία, ἄξιον + gen
worthy of, deserving
ἀπό + gen
from, away from
ἀποθνῄσκω, ἀποθανοῦμαι, ἀπέθανον
I die, am killed
ἀποκρίνομαι, ἀποκρινοῦμαι, ἀπεκρινάμην
I reply, answer
ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενῶ, ἀπέκτεινα
I kill
ἆρα;
[introduces a question]
ἄρχή, ἀρχῆς, ἡ
beginning, rule, power, empire
ἄρχω + gen
I rule
ἄρχομαι + gen
I begin
ἄρχων, ἄρχοντος , ὁ
ruler, magistrate
ἀσθενής, ἀσθενής, ἀσθενές
weak
ἀσπίς, ἀσπίδος, ἡ
shield
ἀσφαλής, ἀσφαλής, ἀσφαλές
safe
αὖθις
again, in turn
αὐτος, αὐτή, αὐτό
self, himself, herself, itself (emphatic)
ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό
the same
αὐτόν, αὐτήν, αὐτό (acc/gen/dat only – also plural)
him, her, it, them
ἀφικνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, ἀφικόμην
I arrive
βαίνω, βήσομαι, ἔβην
I go
βάλλω, βαλῶ, ἔβαλον, ἐβλήθην
I throw, fire at, hit (with missile)
βάρβαροι, βαρβάρων, οἱ
foreigners, barbarians, non-Greek
βασιλεύς, βασιλέως, ὁ
king
βία, βίας, ἡ
force, strength
βίβλος, βίβλου, ἡ
book
βίος, βίου, ὁ
life
βλάπτω
I harm, damage
βοάω
I shout
βοή, βοῆς, ἡ
shout
βοηθέω + dat
I help, come to help
βουλή, βουλῆς, ἡ
plan, a council
βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, ἐβουλήθην
I wish
βραδύς, βραδεῖα, βραδύ
slow
γάρ
for
γε
at any rate, even, at least
γελάω, γελάσομαι, ἐγέλασα
I laugh
γέρων, γέροντος, ὁ
old man
γῆ, γῆς, ἡ
land, earth
γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην
I become, happen, occur
γιγνώσκω, γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἐγνώσθην
I know, realise, understand
γλῶσσα, γλώσσης, ἡ
tongue, language
γράφω
I write, draw
γυνή, γυναικός, ἡ
woman, wife
δακρύω
I cry, weep
δέ
but, and
δεῖ, δεήσει, ἐδέησε (with acc + infin)
it is necessary
δεινός, δεινή, δεινόν
terrible, strange, clever
δεῖπνον, δείπνου, τό
dinner, meal
δέκα
ten
δένδρον, δένδρου, τό
tree
δεσπότης, δεσπότου, ὁ
master
δεύτερος, δευτέρα, δεύτερον
second
δέχομαι, δέξομαι, ἐδεξάμην
I receive, welcome
δή
indeed
δῆμος, δήμου, ὁ
people, community
διά + acc
because of, on account of
διὰ τί;
why?
διά + gen
through
δι᾿ ὀλίγου
soon
διαφθείρω, διαφθερῶ, διέφθειρα, διεφθάρην
I destroy, corrupt
(δίδωμι), δώσω, ἔδωκα
I give (future and aorist indicative active and infinitives only)
δίκαιος, δικαία, δίκαιον
just, fair, upright
διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, ἐδιδάχθην
I teach, tell
διότι
because
διώκω
I chase, pursue, prosecute
δοκεῖ (μοι), δόξει, ἔδοξε
(I) decide (= it seems good (to me))
δοῦλος, δούλου, ὁ
slave
δοῦναι (cf. δίδωμι)
to give, to have given (aor infin)
δύο, δύο, δύο
two
δυστυχής, δυστυχής, δυστυχές
unlucky
δῶρον, δώρου, τό
present, gift
ἐάν
if
ἑαυτόν, ἑαυτήν, ἑαυτό
himself, herself, itself, plural themselves (reflexive)
ἐγώ ἐμοῦ
I, (acc etc) me
ἐμός, ἐμή, ἐμόν
my
ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα
I wish, am willing
εἰ
if
εἰδέναι (cf. οἶδα)
to know
εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, εἰδός, (cf. οἶδα)
knowing
εἰμί, ἔσομαι, ἦν (imperfect)
I am
εἶμι (cf. ἔρχομαι)
I shall go
εἰρήνη, εἰρήνης, ἡ
peace
εἰς + acc
to, into
εἰς τοσοῦτον
to such an extent
εἷς, μία, ἕν
one
εἰσβάλλω
I throw into, invade
ἐκ or ἐξ + gen
out of, from
ἕκαστος, ἑκάστη, ἕκαστον
each
ἐκεῖ
there
ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο
that, plural those
ἐκκλησία, ἐκκλησίας, ἡ
assembly, meeting
ἐκφεύγω
I escape
ἐλεύθερος, ἐλευθέρα, ἐλεύθερον
free
῾Ελλάς, ῾Ελλάδος, ἡ
Greece
Ελλην, ῞Ελληνος, ὁ
a Greek, Greek man
ἐλπίζω, ἐλπιῶ, ἤλπισα
I hope, expect
ἐν + dat
in, among
ἐννέα
nine
ἔνοικος, ἐνοίκου, ὁ
inhabitant
ἕξ
six
ἔξεστι(ν) (μοι)
I am allowed, I can (= it is permitted to me/possible)
ἐπεί
when, since
ἔπειτα
then, afterwards
ἔπί + acc
against, onto, on, at
ἐπιστολή, ἐπιστολῆς, ἡ
letter
ἕπομαι, ἕψομαι, ἑσπόμην + dat
I follow
ἑπτά
seven
ἔργον, ἔργου, τό
work, task, deed, action
ἔρχομαι, εἶμι, ἦλθον
I go, come
ἐρωτάω, ἐρωτήσω, ἠρόμην (or ἠρώτησα)
I ask (a question)
ἐσθίω, (ἔδομαι), ἔφαγον
I eat
ἐσπέρα, ἑσπέρας, ἡ
evening
ἔτι
still, yet
ἑτοῖμος, ἑτοίμη, ἑτοῖμον
ready
ἔτος, ἔτους, τό
year
εὖ
well
εὐθύς
immediately, at once
εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, ηὗρον, ηὑρέθην
I find
εὐρύς, εὐρεῖα, εὐρύ
wide, broad
εὐτυχής, εὐτυχής, εὐτυχές
lucky, fortunate
ἔφη (cf. φήμι)
he/she said (with direct speech)
ἐχθρός, ἐχθρά, ἐχθρόν
hostile
ἐχθρός, ἐχθροῦ, ὁ
(personal) enemy
ἔχω (imperfect εἶχον), ἕξω, ἔσχον
I have
ἕως
while, until
Ζεύς, Διός, ὁ
Zeus
ζητέω
I seek
ἤ
or, than
ἤ … ἤ
either…or…
ἡγεμών, ἡγεμόνος, ὁ
guide, leader
ἤδη
already, by now
ἡδύς, ἡδεῖα, ἡδύ
pleasant, sweet
ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν
we, (acc etc) us
ἡμέτερος, ἡμετέρα, ἡμέτερον
our
ἡμέρα, ἡμέρας, ἡ
day
θάλασσα, θαλάσσης, ἡ
sea
θάνατος, θανάτου, ὁ
death
θάπτω, θάψω, ἔθαψα
I bury
θαυμάζω
I am amazed at, admire
θεά, θεᾶς, ἡ
goddess
θεός, θεοῦ, ὁ
god
θυγάτηρ, θυγατρός, ἡ
daughter
θύρα, θύρας, ἡ
door
θύω
I sacrifice
ἰατρός, ἰατροῦ, ὁ
doctor
ἰέναι (cf. εἶμι)
to go
ἱερόν, ἱεροῦ, τό
temple
ἱερός, ἱερά, ἱερόν
sacred, holy
ἵνα + subj or opt
in order that, in order to
ἱππεύς, ἱππέως, ὁ
cavalryman, in plural (the) cavalry
ἵππος, ἵππου, ὁ
horse
ἰσχυρός, ἰσχυρά, ἰσχυρόν
strong
ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν (cf. εἶμι)
going
καθεύδω
I sleep
καθίζω, καθιῶ, ἐκάθισα
I (make to) sit down
καί
and, also, even, too
καίπερ + participle
although
καίω, καύσω, ἔκαυσα, ἐκαύθην
I burn, set on fire
κακός, κακή, κακόν
bad, wicked, cowardly
καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, ἐκλήθην
I call, summon
καλός, καλή, καλόν
beautiful, handsome, fine
κατά + acc
according to, by, down, along
κατὰ γῆν
by land
κατὰ θάλασσαν
by sea
κατά + gen
down, down from
κελεύω
I order
κεφαλή, κεφαλῆς, ἡ
head
κίνδυνος, κινδύνου, ὁ
danger
κλέπτω, κλέψω, ἔκλεψα, ἐκλάπην
I steal
κολάζω
I punish
κόπτω, κόψω, ἔκοψα
I cut (down)
κρύπτω
I hide (something)
κρύπτομαι
I hide (myself)
κτάομαι, κτήσομαι, ἐκτησάμην
I obtain, get
κωλύω + infin
I hinder, prevent (someone from doing)
λάθρᾳ
in secret, secretly
Λακεδαιμόνιοι, Λακεδαιμονίων, οἱ
the Spartans
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, ἐλήφθην
I take, capture
λέγω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον, ἐρρήθην
I say, speak, tell
λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, ἐλείφθην
I leave (behind)
λίθος, λίθου, ὁ
stone
λιμήν, λιμένος, ὁ
harbour
λόγος, λόγου, ὁ
word, speech, argument, story, account, reason
λύω
I loosen, untie, set free
μάλιστα
most, very much, especially
μᾶλλον
more
μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον
I learn, understand
μάχη, μάχης, ἡ
battle, fight
μάχομαι, μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην
I fight
μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα
big, great
μέλλω, μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα + fut infin
I intend, am going to, hesitate
… μέν … δέ
[marks a contrast]
μέντοι
however
μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα
I wait, remain
μετά + acc
after
μετά + gen
with
μή
not
μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν
no-one, nothing, no
μηδέποτε
never
μήτε … μήτε …
neither… nor…
μήτηρ, μητρός, ἡ
mother
μικρός, μικρά, μικρόν
little, small
μισέω
I hate
μόνος, μόνη, μόνον
alone, only
μόνον
only
μῦθος, μύθου, ὁ
story
μῶρος, μώρα, μῶρον
foolish, stupid
ναῦς, νεώς, ἡ
ship, warship
ναύτης, ναύτου, ὁ
sailor
ναυτικόν, ναυτικοῦ, τό
fleet
νεανίας, νεανίου, ὁ
young man
νεκρός, νεκροῦ, ὁ
corpse
νέος, νέα, νέον
new, young, recent
νῆσος, νήσου, ἡ
island
νικάω
I win, conquer
νίκη, νίκης, ἡ
victory
νομίζω, νομιῶ, ἐνόμισα
I think, consider, believe
νόμος, νόμου, ὁ
law, custom
νόσος, νόσου, ἡ
disease, illness
νῦν
now
νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ
night
ξένος, ξένου, ὁ
stranger, foreigner, host, guest, friend
ξίφος, ξίφους, τό
sword
ὁ, ἡ, τό
the
ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε
this
ὁδός, ὁδοῦ, ἡ
road, path, way, journey
οἶδα
I know (present, participle and infinitive only)
οἰκέω
I live (in), inhabit, dwell
οἰκία, οἰκίας, ἡ
house, home
οἶνος, οἴνου, ὁ
wine
οἷος τ᾿ εἰμί
I am able, can
ὀκτώ
eight
ὀλίγος, ὀλίγη, ὀλίγον
little
ὀλίγοι, ὀλίγαι, ὀλίγα
few
ὄνομα, ὀνόματος, τό
name
ὅπλα, ὅπλων, τά
weapons, arms, armour
ὁράω, ὄψομαι, εἶδον, ὤφθην
I see
ὀργίζομαι, ὀργιοῦμαι, ὠργίσθην + dat
I grow angry (with)
ὄρος, ὄρους, τό
mountain, hill
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
who, which
ὅτι
that
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ
not
οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν
no-one, nothing, no
οὐδέποτε
never
οὔτε … οὔτε
neither…nor…
οὖν
therefore, and so
οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ, ὁ
sky, heaven
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο
this
οὕτω(ς)
so, in this way
παῖς, παιδός, ὁ and ἡ
child, son, daughter, boy, girl
πάλαι
long ago, in the past, formerly
παρά + acc
contrary to, along, to
παρά + gen
from (a person)
παρασκευάζω
I prepare
παρέχω
I provide, cause, produce
πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
all, every
πάσχω, πείσομαι, ἔπαθον
I suffer, experience
πατήρ, πατρός, ὁ
father
παύω
I stop
παύομαι (middle)
I stop, cease from (doing something)
πείθω
I persuade
πείθομαι, πείσομαι, ἐπιθόμην + dat
I obey
πειράομαι, πειράσομαι
I try
πέμπτος, πέμπτη, πέμπτον
fifth
πέμπω
I send, escort
πέντε
five
περί + acc
round
περί + gen
about, concerning
πίνω, πιοῦμαι, ἔπιον
I drink
πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον
I fall
πιστεύω + dat
I trust, believe
πιστός, πιστή, πιστόν
faithful, reliable
πλέω, πλεύσομαι, ἔπλευσα
I sail
πλήν
except
πλοῖον, πλοίου, τό
boat, cargo ship
πλούσιος, πλουσία, πλούσιον
rich
ποιέω
I do, make
ποῖος, ποία, ποῖον;
what sort of?
πόλεμος, πολέμου, ὁ
war
πολέμιοι, πολεμίων, οἱ
the enemy
πόλις, πόλεως, ἡ
city, state
πολίτης, πολίτου, ὁ
citizen
πολλάκις
often
πολύς, πολλή, πολύ
much
πολλοί, πολλαί, πολλά
many
πορεύομαι, πορεύσομαι, ἐπορεύθην
I travel, march
πόσος, πόση, πόσον
how big? how much?
πόσοι, πόσαι, πόσα
how many?
ποταμός, ποταμοῦ, ὁ
river
πότε
when?
ποῦ
where?
ποῖ
to where?
πόθεν
from where?
πούς, ποδός, ὁ
foot
πράσσω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, ἐπράχθην
I do, fare, manage
πρό + gen
before, in front of
πρός + acc
to, towards, against
προσβάλλω + dat
I attack
πρότερον
before, formerly
πρῶτος, πρώτη, πρῶτον
first
πρῶτον
at first, first
πύλη, πύλης, ἡ
gate
πυνθάνομαι, πεύσομαι, ἐπυθόμην
I learn, ascertain, ask
πῦρ, πυρός, τό
fire
πῶς
how?
ῥᾴδιος, ῥᾳδία, ῤᾴδιον
easy
σιγή, σιγῆς, ἡ
silence
σῖτος, σίτου, ὁ
food, corn, bread
σοφός, σοφή, σοφόν
wise, clever
στρατηγός, στρατηγοῦ, ὁ
general, commander
στρατιά, στρατιᾶς, ἡ
army
στρατιώτης, στρατιώτου, ὁ
soldier
σύ
you
σός, σή, σόν
your
συλλέγω, συλλέξω, συνέλεξα
I collect, assemble
σύμμαχοι, συμμάχων, οἱ
allies
συμφορά, συμφορᾶς, ἡ
misfortune, disaster, event
σῴζω, σώσω, ἔσωσα, ἐσώθην
I save, keep, get away safely (passive)
σῶμα, σώματος, τό
body
ταχύς, ταχεῖα, ταχύ
fast, quick
… τε … καί
both … and
τεῖχος, τείχους, τό
wall
τέλος
end (adv. in the end), at last, finally
τέσσαρες, τέσσαρες, τέσσαρα
four
τέταρτος, τετάρτη, τέταρτον
fourth
τιμάω
I honour, respect
τίμη, τιμῆς, ἡ
honour
τις, τι
(a) certain, someone, something
τίς; τί;
who? what? which?
τοιοῦτος, τοιαύτη, τοιοῦτο
such
τόπος, τόπου, ὁ
place
τοσοῦτος, τοσαύτη, τοσοῦτο
so great
τοσοῦτοι, τοσαῦται, τοσαῦτα
so many
τότε
then, at that time
τρεῖς, τρεῖς, τρία
three
τρέχω, δραμοῦμαι, ἔδραμον
I run
τρίτος, τρίτη, τρίτον
third
τύχη, τύχης, ἡ
chance, luck, fortune (good or bad)
ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τό
water
υἱός, υἱοῦ, ὁ
son
ὕλη, ὕλης, ἡ
wood, forest
ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν
you (plural)
ὑμέτερος, ὑμετέρα, ὑμέτερον
your
ὑπέρ + gen
on behalf of
ὑπισχνέομαι, ὑποσχήσομαι, ὑπεσχόμην
I promise
ὕπνος, ὕπνου, ὁ
sleep
ὑπό + gen
by (with the agent of passive verbs)
ὕστερον
later
ὑψηλός, ὑψηλή, ὑψηλόν
high
φαίνομαι, φανοῦμαι, ἐφάνην
I seem, appear
φέρω, οἴσω, ἤνεγκα, ἠνέχθην
I carry, bear, endure
φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον
I run away, flee, am accused, am banished
φημί, φήσω, ἔφην
I say
φιλέω
I love, like, am accustomed
φίλη, φίλης, ἡ
(female) friend
φίλος, φίλου, ὁ
(male) friend
φοβέομαι, φοβήσομαι, ἐφοβήθην
I am afraid, fear
φόβος, φόβου, ὁ
fear
φονεύω
I murder, kill
φύλαξ, φύλακος, ὁ
guard
φυλάσσω
I guard
φωνή, φωνῆς, ἡ
voice
χαλεπός, χαλεπή, χαλεπόν
difficult, dangerous, harsh
χειμών, χειμῶνος, ὁ
storm, winter
χείρ, χειρός, ἡ
hand
χράομαι, χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην + dat
I use, treat
χρή (with acc + infin)
it is necessary
χρήματα, χρημάτων, τά
money, goods, property
χρήσιμος, χρησίμη, χρήσιμον
useful
χρόνος, χρόνου, ὁ
time
χρυσός, χρυσοῦ, ὁ
gold
χώρα, χώρας, ἡ
country, land
ὦ
o … (addressing someone)
ὡς
when, as, because
ὡς τάχιστα
as quickly
ὥστε
that, so that, with the result that