Define Flashcards
Vectors
A vector is a physical quantity having a specific magnitude as well as direction.
Scalars
A scalar is a physical quantity that has only a magnitude but no direction.
Distance
Distance is the path length between 2 points without regard for direction. Distance is quantity scalar and has only magnitude.
Displacement
Displacement is the straight line length between 2 points in a specific direction. Displacement is a vector quantity and has magnitude and direction.
Speed
Speed is the rate of change of distance. Speed is therefore a scalar quantity and has only magnitude.
Velocity
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. Velocity is therefore a vector quantity and has magnitude and direction.
Acceleration
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Acceleration is therefore a vector quantity and has magnitude and direction.
System of forces
A system of forces refers to a collection of individual forces acting on an object or system.
Equilibrium
Equilibrium is the state of an object in which all the individual forces exerted upon an object are balance.
Equilibrant of forces
A single force that keeps a system of forces in equilibrium. The equilibrium is equal to the size of the resultant of forces but in 180 opposite direction.
Resultant
A single force that can replace 2 or more forces acting on an object and still have the same effect.
Couple
A pair of forces of equal magnitude, turning in the same direction about a fulcrum, but are situated on opposite sides of the fulcrum.
Energy
Energy is the ability of an object or body to do work.
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses as a result of its mass and movement.
Potential energy
Potential energy is the energy an object possesses as a result of its mass and position above a certain zero potential.
Momentum
Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
Work done
Work is the energy needed to apply a force to move an object a particular distance.
Power
The rate at which work is done per unit time.
Efficiency
Efficiency is a comparison of the energy output to the energy input in a given system.
Static friction
Static friction is the a force that keeps an object at rest. Static friction opposes the initial movement.
Kinetic friction
Kinetic friction is a force that acts between moving surfaces. Kinetic friction opposes the force causing the movement, after the object is in motion.
Coefficient of friction
Ratio of the frictional force resisting the motion of two surfaces in contact to the normal force pressing the two surfaces together.
Heat
Heat is a form of energy and always flows from an object with a certain temperature to an object with a lower temperature.
Temperature
Is the indication of the degree or intensity of heat contained in an object.
Heat capacity
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the entire mass of the substance by 1 degree C.
Specific heat capacity
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 degree C.
Heat value
The amount of heat set free of generated when a unit quantity of a combustible burns out completely at normal temperature and pressure.
Coefficient of linear expansion
The rate of change of unit length per unit degree change in temperature.
Saturated Temperature
The temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase.
Atom
The smallest part of an element that can function on its own and still contain the properties of that specific element.
Molecule
the smallest chemical unit of a substance that can exist independently with the properties of the specific connection.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond in which one atom gives up a valence electron to another atom, thereby generating an electrical force that holds the atoms together.
Electrolytes
A substance that breaks up into ions (particles with electrical charges) when it is dissolved in water
Electrolysis
The process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change.
Electromagnetic induction
When a current is produced because of voltage production due to a changing magnetic field.
