Definations

Question 1

Homozygous

Answer 1

When 2 alleys for a characteristic are the same.

Question 2

Heterozygous

Answer 2

When 2 alleys for a characteristic are different.

Question 3

Gamete

Answer 3

A male/female reproductive cell.

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

Needs only one allele to show in the phenotype

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

Need both to show the phenotype.

Question 6

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 6

A form of reproduction that results in a genetic copy.

Question 7

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 7

Sexual Reproduction results in a genetic mix.

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

Point/substitution = Where the nucleotide is substituted for another. This can have little to no affect
Insertion = This can a more serious impact. It involves an extra letter being added which alters the triplet groups.
Deletion = This is similar to an insertion mutation but a letter has been deleted instead.

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

The genetic constitution of an individual organism (set of genes responsible for physical traits).

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

A thread-like structure acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information

Question 12

Amino Acids

Answer 12

The building blocks of proteins

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

A section of DNA containing instructions for joining amino acids.

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

A natural polymer, which can be structural (such as a collagen) or functional (such as an enzyme)

Question 15

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 15

A cell with its genetic information stored in the nucleus

Question 16

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 16

A cell without a nucleus where genetic information is stored in plasmids and chromosomal DNA.