deffinitions Flashcards
hypothesis
a Tentative assumption made from known facts as the basis for investigation
culture
the total system of ideas, values, behaviors, and attitudes of society commonly shared by most members of a society
informant
a reliable and knowledgeable person who provides specific information to an anthropologist studying his or her community
ethnology
the study of the origins and culture of different races and peoples
ethnography
the written account of culture
participant-observer
the careful watching of a group, in some cases, living with its members and participating in their culture
subjective
type of conclusion shaped by a person’s culture and personal perspective, feelings, and beliefs.
objective
type of conclusion based on facts and data and uninfluenced by personal perspective, prejudices, or emotions
primary sources
Interview observations are obtained from field research
secondary sources
news reports, newspapers, and articles summarize what people have said about the topic
psychodynamic theory
an approach to therapy that focuses on resolving a patient conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings
psychoanalytic theory
all human behaviour by early childhood and that childhood experience influences the unconscious mind throughout our lives
unconscious theory
information processed in our mind that we aren’t aware of (feelings, memories, instincts
conscious theory
information that we are aware of. learning new information
ego
the rational part of the mind that operates on reality principle
id
part of the brain that operates on pleasure principles
superego
moral center of the mind
survey
a set of questions used on a sample of population study about opinions, values
empirical
based on facts , statistics, and data
values
shared ideas and standards that are considered acceptable and binding
norms
expectations about how people should behave
roles
the expected behavior of a person in a particular situation
micro
the study of small groups and individuals within a society
macro sociology
an approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale
structured
interview with specific questions
unstructured interviews
when an anthropologist interviews an informant and just goes with the flow
ethnocentric
believing that one own culture is superior to all other
radiometric dating
prosses to determine the age based on radioactive material the object has
bipedalism
the trial of habitually walking on two legs
research plan
plan in how to work on research and have an outline
rites of passage
a ceremony rituals or event that marks an individual’s passages from 1 stage of life to the next
liminal stage
the second stage in a rite of passage, when the initiate is in a state of transition between the old and the new
technological diffusion
the adoption by one culture of a technology invented by another culture
perception
the process of how an individual takes in information visually and with the other senses
euphemisms
a word or set of words used to indirectly describe an uncomfortable or inappropriate concept or idea in a socially acceptable way
reciprocity
an economic system of forms and informal sharing among members of society to distribute resources fairly
redistribution
an economic system of collecting resources centrally and handing them out among members of society
wage labour
work for which wages are paid
linguistic anthropology
the study of human language and how they express culture
archaeology
cultural anthropology of the culture
physical anthropology
wants to know where humans as a species come from, how our bodies evolved and what makes humans unique
paleoanthropology
The scientific study of human fossils.
primatology
the study of the anatomy and behaviors of living primates
human variation
the genetic difference between people and population
etic
the point of view of an outsider to the culture
emic perspectives
the point of view of an insider of a culture
sapir-whorf hypothesis
the idea that the language a person speaks can influence their worldview
sapienization
the process of learning uniquely human social customs centered on marriage family and the household
cargo beliefs
religious convictions in Papua New Guinea that ancestors will reward the living with goods as a token of their love and approval
zone of proximal development
the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.
institutional completeness
the ability of a person to live a full life within his or her own cultural enclave
transnationalism
the maintenance of an ethnic identity by staying connected with relatives in other countries and staying informed of politics and other developments in the country or origin often through digital technology
