Defenses and Immunity- Part 2

Question 1

If the immune system is such a powerful defense, why do people get sick?

Answer 1

As the immune system fights microorgenisms and viruses, over time it puts pressure on them to develop strategies to combat the immune system. (think arms race)

Question 2

Common strategies that pathogens use to cause disease involve a combination of (1)____ (2) ___,and (3) ___

Answer 2

Damaging host tissues to obtain nutrients; hiding from the immune system; destroying components of the immune system.

Question 3

In the name A-B toxin, what does A and B mean and do?

Answer 3

A is for active, A subunit passes through a pore in the endosome made by the B subunit, enters cell cytoplasm and destroys the ribosome, shitting off protein synthesis and killing the cell.
B is for binding, B subunit binds to a human cells.

Question 4

_____ toxin is one of the deadliest ______ in all of nature.

Answer 4

Diphtheria; proteins

Question 5

What animal was used to create the serum against Diphtheria?

Answer 5

Horses

Question 6

When injected into a human with diphtheria, _____ from the horse serum ____ the toxin.

Answer 6

Antibodies, eliminate

Question 7

Define Envelope:

Answer 7

Membrane derived from the infected cell that produced the virus.

Question 8

what does the Surface protein do?

Answer 8

It attaches to new cell to infect it.

Question 9

What is the protein coat surrounding nucleic acid?

Answer 9

Genome

Question 10

RNA genome:

Answer 10

Never seen in cells; only seen in certain viruses.

Question 11

Reverse transcriptase:

Answer 11

Enzyme that will copy the virus’s RNA genome into DNA when it infects a new cell

Question 12

When HIV infects a cell, it becomes part of the cell’s _____ material.

Answer 12

Genetic