Defeating The CCPs Opponents

Question 1

First act to secure the CCP:

Answer 1

• campaign to suppress counter revolutionaries - 1950

Question 2

The three Antis Movement:

Answer 2

• 1951 ‘Big Cleanup throughout the party’
• against corruption, waste and ‘obstructionist bureaucracy’
• but basically just targeted at non-communists
• victims subjected to struggle meetings and public denunciations

Question 3

Obstructionist Bureaucracy

Answer 3

• Managers who wanted to retain power and influence
• so blocked reforms that would decrease their power

Targeted in the Three Antis Movement in 1951

Question 4

Struggle meetings:

Answer 4

• meetings in which CCP opponents were denounced
• large abusive crowds
• forced to admit ‘crimes’ and beg for forgiveness
• could be further physically abused after

Question 5

Five Antis movement:

Answer 5

1952:
- focused on more economic corruption, bourgeoise business owners targeted
- bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on govt. contracts, stealing economic information
- Party Cadres selected ‘Tiger Beaters’ to collect incriminating evidence on managers
- then they beat the ‘capitalist tigers’ and subjected them to struggle meetings
- fines to be given to managers: selling stock to state/giving up the business to the state/merging businesses into ‘joint public-private enterprises’
- cadres sent in to take over managers
= enhanced economic standing AND increased power

Question 6

Terror to gain control:

Answer 6

• PLA attacked bandit groups and organised ‘Triads’
• thousands killed
• sent bills to families for bullets used in executions (humiliation)

Question 7

Reunification campaign: TIBET

Answer 7

1950s:
- Dalai Llama forced to flee/traditions attacked then banned by PLA
- Buddhist monasteries attacked/monks forced into laogai to be reformed
- temples taken over and converted - GLF
- monks forced to do hard labour/starved/forced to join the PLA
- after the CULT REV, only few temples and shrines remained

Question 8

Reunification Campaign: Xinjiang

Answer 8

1949:
- PLA attacked and cleared resistance by 1950
- mosque schools closed and replaced by government schools teaching Marxism
- land taken from the mosques and redistributed
- resisters were imprisoned in the laogai

(Xinjiang had ties to ethnic minorities in the Soviet Union - worried that Soviet Union would interfere with China)

Question 9

GUANGDONG reunification:

Answer 9

• economically important port near Hong Kong
• purged Nationalist forces - flee to Taiwan
• 28000 executed

Question 10

Laogai development:

Answer 10

• network of labour camps
• ‘reform though Labour’
• 1955 - more than 1.3 million doing forced labour
• mostly political opponents, some common criminals, some with suspect bourgeois backgrounds like doctors or engineers
• hard labour, propaganda, disease common
• many suicides