defeaters

Question 1

rebutting defeater

Answer 1

a rebutting defeater for some belief that p is a reason for holding the negation of p or for holding some proposition q, incompatible with p

Question 2

unercutting defeater

Answer 2

an undercutting defeater for some belief p is a reason for no longer believing p, not for believing the negation of p
- a reason for supposing that one’s ground for believing p is not sufficiently indicative of truth

Question 3

give an example where something is both a rebutting and an undercutting defeater

Answer 3

• ## a reason for no longer believing p and also believing its opposite

Question 4

give an example of something that is an undercutting defeater but not a rebutting defeater

Answer 4

Emma told me that chantler was at the park yesterday so I hold the belief that chantler was at the park yesterday. I later learn from George however that Emma has really bad eyesight and doesn’t wear her glasses, so often mistakes people that she sees. This is an undercutting defeater because it gives me reason to doubt Emmas reliability but does not give me enough reason to believe the opposite, that chantler was not at the park.

Question 5

give an example of something that is a rebutting defeater but not an undercutting defeater

Question 6

Give examples where there are some defeaters for justification, but the belief still has enough justification to count as knowledge.

Question 7

undercutting defeater for an inferentially justified belief

Question 8

undercutting defeater for a non-inferentially justified belief

Question 9

rebutting defeater for an inferentially justified belief

Question 10

rebutting defeater for a non-inferentially justified belief

Question 11

Give examples of beliefs that are prima facie justified (enough to be knowledge) but because of defeaters are not actually justified enough to be knowledge.