Defeat and occupation Flashcards
Germany 1945 ‘Zero Hour’
Germany split into 4 zones for occupying powers
Population displacement - 12 million German refugees fleeing from East, expellees
Families torn apart
50% of housing either damaged or destroyed
Average calorie consumption dropped to 950-1150 from 2000 per person
Tehran 1943
Main aim was military strategy for final stage of the war
Serious disagreements over territorial change after WW2, nothing actually agreed
Yalta Conference 1945 and Yalta agreement
Some compromises but many decisions open to debate, but they agreed-USSR would keep most of Eastern Polish territory
Divided into four zones and given to the four occupying powers and all controlled by ACC, Berlin split in 4
Allies would set up commission to look into reparations
Potsdam Conference July to August 1945
With Truman, Churchill and Stalin In charge
Potsdam agreement agreed on Protocol of Proceedings agreed on the principle of the 4 Ds de-Nazificatoon, demilitarisation Decentralisation Democratisationmain points occupation zones, reparations, armed forces and German-Polish borders
Allies and Nazi Legacy
Number berg Trials trials based on war crimes, crimes against peace crimes against humanity, conspiring to commit crimes in first three counts
Started Nov 1945 and lated over 218 days 10 executed, 3 life sentences seen as show trials questionable evidence
Western Zones allied occupatiob
Housing - quarter of housing destroyed used nissen huts as a semi permanent resolution
Fuel- Major problem, resolved in 1950s but the push to get mines up and running in 1946 was a massive boost
Food -
Ratiosn fell dramatically from 1945 illness and malnourishment was high and 1947 real threat of famine given CARE packages and help of Red cross
Economic Revival
Bizone British and US merged there zones created GEC
Marshall Plan
Economic recovery for Europe, offering to all European states, USSR declined
Creation fo Deutsche Mark 1948 bring stability for trade and production black market disappeared a great success
Division of Germany
Berlin Airlift happened over 11 months carrying out 279,000 flights provided 2.3 million tons of food and supplies with 1.5 million tons of coal allowing many to survive the winter allowed integration between West Germany and west Germans.
Two Germanys FRG and GDR created 1949.
