Deep Muscles of Back, Subocciptial Triangle, and Vertebral Column

Question 1

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 1

O: 1. Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae
2. Thoracolumbar Fascia
3. Iliac Crest
4. Inferior 3-4 ribs
I: Floor of intertubercular sulcus
N: Thoracodorsal Nerve
A: 1. Extends, Adducts, Medially rotates humerus
2. Raises body towards arms during climbing

Question 2

Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR

Answer 2

O: 1. Nuchal Ligament
     2. Spinous Processes of C7-T3 vertebrae
I: Superior borders of 2nd-4th Ribs
N: 2nd-5th intercostal nerves
A: Elevates ribs

Question 3

Serratus Posterior INFERIOR

Answer 3

O: Spinous Processes of T11-L2 Vertebrae via Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
I: Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles
N: VPR T9-T12
A: Depresses Ribs

Question 4

Levator Scapulae

Answer 4

O: Posterior Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
I: Medial border of scapula SUPERIOR to root of scapular spine
N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
A: 1. Elevates Scapula
2. Rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 5

Splenius Capitis

Answer 5

Caudal: Cervical and upper thoracic SPs
Rostral: Superior Nuchal line and Mastoid Process
N: Cervical DPR
A: Extension and Ipsilateral Rotation of head and neck

Question 6

Splenius Cervicus

Answer 6

Caudal: Upper Thoracic Sps
Rostral: Anterior Tubercles of Upper Cervical TPs
N: Cervical DPR
A: Cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation

Question 7

Semispinalis Capitis

Answer 7

O: Upper Thoracic and Cervical TPs
I: Occiput BELOW superior nuchal line
N: DPR
A: Extension of cervical spine and head

Question 8

Semispinalis Cervicis

Answer 8

O: Upper Thoracic TPs
I: Cervical SPs up to C2
N: DPR
A: Extension and Contralateral rotation of spine

Question 9

Suboccipital Muscles

Answer 9

RCPM= C2 SP --> Occiput
RCPm= C1 PT --> Occiput
OCI= C2 SP --> C1 TP
OCS= C1 TP --> Occiput 
N: C1 DPR= Suboccipital Nerve
A: As a group, control movements of skull in nodding and rotation

Question 10

Iliocostalis Lumborum PARS THORACIS

Answer 10

8/9 Fascicles with small muscle bellies, long caudal tendons forming LATERAL ESA
Rostral: Angles of Ribs 5-12
Caudal: 1.  Dorsal PSIS
              2.  Iliac Crest
N: Lateral Branches of Lumbar DPR
A: 1. Back Extension
    2. Lateral Bending

Question 11

Iliocostalis Lumborum PARS LUMBORUM

Answer 11

4 Larger Muscular Fascicles
Rostral: L1-L4 TPs
Caudal: Ventral Edge of Iliac Crest
N: Lateral Branches of Lumbar DPR
A: 1. Back Extension
     2. CREATE Posterior Shear Forces (Counteract anterior shear forces)

Question 12

Iliocostalis Thoracis

Answer 12

O: Angle of Lower 6 Ribs
I: 1. Angle of Upper 6 Ribs
   2. C7 TP
N: DPR
A: Role in extension and lateral flexion of spine

Question 13

Iliocostalis Cervicis

Answer 13

O: Angles of Ribs 3-6
I: C4-C6 TPs
N: DPR
A: Role in extension and lateral flexion of spine

Question 14

Longissimus Thoracis PARS THORACIS

Answer 14

Caudal Tendons are long and thick. Form MEDIAL ESA
Caudal: 1.  All Lumbar SPs
              2.  Sacrum
              3. Ilium
Rostral: Two series of fasicles areas from 
             1. T1-T12 TPS
             2.  Ribs 4-12
N: Intermediate Branches of Lumbar DPR
A: 1. Back Extension
    2.  Lateral Bending

Question 15

Longissimus Thoracis PARS LUMBORUM

Answer 15

Located lateral to multifidus and covers lumbar TPs
Caudal: 1. Ventral surface of PSIS
2. L1-L4 Caudal Tendons form LUMBAR INTERMUSCULAR APONEUROSIS
Rostral: Five fasicles aries from L1-L5 accessory processes
N: Intermediate Branches of Lumbar DPR
A: 1. Back Extension
2. Create Posterior Shear Forces (COUNTERACT anterior shear forces)

Question 16

Longissimus Cervicis

Answer 16

O: Upper 4 or 5 Thoracic TPs
I: Posterior Tubercles of C2-C6 TPs
N: DPR
A: Extension and lateral flexion of spine/head

Question 17

Longissimus Capitis

Answer 17

O: Lower 3 or 4 cervical articular processes
I: Mastoid Process
N: DPR
A: Extension and lateral flexion of spine/head

Question 18

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 18

Rostral: 1. Medial 1/2 of last rib
2. Tips of L1-L4 TPs
Caudal: 1. Iliolumbar Ligament
2. Adjacent portion of iliac crest
N: (VPR) T12, L1, L2, L3 (L4)
A: 1. Flexes last rib so diaphragm acts more efficiently during inspiration
2. BILATERALLY: Form guy wire support to stabilize lumbar spine in frontal plane
3. Hikes Hip
4. FIXED PELVIS: Ipsilateral side bending

Question 19

Lumbar Multifidus

Answer 19

Rostral: Lumbar SPs and Laminae
Caudal: 1. Lumbar and S1 mamillary processes
2. 2,3, 4 levels caudad from rostral attachment
3. Deep surface of ESA
N: Medial Branches of Lumbar DPR
A: 1. Extends Lumbar Spine
2. Stabilizes and Stiffens Lumbar Spine
3. Neutralizes flexion moment in Lumbar spine created by oblique abdominal during trunk flexion