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Anatomy Exam #2 > Deep Face > Flashcards

Deep Face Flashcards

1
Q

The pterion of the skull refers to the junction of what? Is it a weak or strong spot in the skull?

A
  • Junction of temporal, parietal, sphenoid, and frontal bones
  • Weak spot (dangerous because middle meningeal artery runs beneath)
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2
Q

What does the temporalis muscle attach to and what is its function?

A
  • Attaches at coronoid process of mandible

- Function is to elevate the mandible during normal talking

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3
Q

Are the temporalis and masseter horizontally or vertically oriented?

A

Their fibers are vertically oriented.

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter muscle?

A
  • Origin: under zygomatic arch

- Insertion: entire ramus of mandible

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5
Q

What are the bones of the temporal fossa?

A
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Sphenoid (greater wing)
  • Frontal (very small portion)
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6
Q

What is the temporal fossa?

A

A depression on the temporal region of the skull, above the zygomatic arch.

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7
Q

What is the most important thing to know about the infratemporal fossa?

A

It is located beneath the zygomatic arch and behind the ramus of the mandible.

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8
Q

What are the main contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
  • Maxillary artery + branches
  • Mandibular divison of trigeminal n. + branches
  • Chorda tympani
  • Glossopharyngeal n. + branches
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9
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Medial and lateral pterygoid
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
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10
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Bilateral: protrude mandible

- Unilateral: produces side-to-side grinding

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11
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Bilateral: protrude and elevate mandible

- Unilateral: produces side-to-side movements

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12
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular branch of CN V3.

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13
Q

Where do the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles originate?

A
  • Medial: medial surface of LATERAL pterygoid plate

- Lateral: lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head) and greater wing of sphenoid (superior head)

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14
Q

What is the most important muscle in protraction of the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid (which is assisted by medial pterygoid)

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15
Q

Which muscles are involved in retraction of the jaw?

A
  • Posterior fibers of temporalis

- Deep fibers of masseter

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16
Q

What is the most important muscle in depression (opening) of the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

17
Q

What is an important contributing factor to depression of the jaw? (NOT a muscle)

A

gravity

18
Q

Which movements of the jaw does the lateral pterygoid control?

A
  • Protraction

- Depression

19
Q

Which muscles are involved in elevation of the jaw?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
20
Q

Do the masseter and temporalis provide ipsilateral or contralateral movement?

A

ipsilateral

21
Q

Do the pterygoid muscles provide ipsilateral or contralateral movement?

A

contralateral

22
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

a synovial joint (more specifically, a modified hinge joint)

23
Q

Each TMJ is divided into ________ by its _______.

A

a superior and inferior compartment; articular disc

24
Q

What is the first movement of the TMJ?

A
  • Lower compartment

- Hinge movement (rotation) to open jaw 1 finger breadth

25
Q

What is the second movement of the TMJ?

A
  • Upper compartment

- Sliding/gliding movement along the eminence, leading to full opening and protrusion of mandible

26
Q

Why does the articular disc move with the head of the mandible?

A

To prevent bone on bone contact.

27
Q

What does the articular disc attach to?

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle and joint capsule.

28
Q

The maxillary artery is divided into 3 parts by which muscle?

A

Pterygoid muscle

29
Q

What are the main branches of the maxillary artery?

A

MIDBIPS

  • Middle meningeal
  • Inferior alveolar
  • Deep temporal (ant. and post.)
  • Buccal
  • Infraorbital
  • Posterior superior alveolar
  • Sphenopalatine
30
Q

Which nerve supplies the special visceral afferent (SVA) fibers for taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

31
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

close (elevate) and protrude the jaw

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • Origin: lateral pterygoid plate (deep) and maxilla and pyramidal plate (superficial)
  • Insertion: near angle of mandible
33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A
  • Origin: infratemporal crest (superior) and lateral pterygoid plate (inferior)
  • Insertion: TMJ (superior) and mandible (inferior)
34
Q

Which nerves pass between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?

A

lingual and alveolar nerves

35
Q

Which pterygoid muscle opens the jaw and which closes it? What is the action they are both involved with?

A
  • Lateral opens (depresses) jaw, medial closes (elevates) it

- Both protrude the jaw and grind teeth

36
Q

What are some of the bony landmarks of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Articular tubercle of temporal bone
  • Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
  • Postglenoid tubercle of temporal bone
  • Condyloid process of mandible
  • Ramus and angle of mandible
  • Coronoid process and mandibular notch
  • Maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone
  • Pterygomaxillary fissure
  • Foramen ovale and spinosum
  • Spine of sphenoid
37
Q

Which bony features form the TMJ?

A
  • Articular tubercle of temporal bone (anterior limit)
  • Mandibular fossa of temporal bone (receives head of mandible to create TMJ)
  • Postglenoid tubercle of temporal bone (posterior limit of TMJ)
  • Condyloid process of mandible

Anatomy Exam #2 (12 decks)

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