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Neurology 2 > Deep Brain Structures 2 > Flashcards

Deep Brain Structures 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Brodemann area 4

A

-principal motor area

1/3 contribution to the corticospinal tract

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2
Q

brodemann area 6

A

-premotor area

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3
Q

what would be the result of a lesion to area 6?

A

loss of initiation of motor function

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4
Q

brodemann area 3-1-2

A
  • postcentral principal sensory areas

- aka primary sensory strip

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5
Q

brodemann areas 5 and 7

A

-sensory association area

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6
Q

area 17

A

-principal visual cortex (striate)

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7
Q

areas 18-19

A

visual association areas

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8
Q

area 41

A

-primary auditory cortex

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9
Q

area 42

A

associative auditory cortex

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10
Q

area 22

A
  • speech comprehension

- Wernicke’s area

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11
Q

area 44

A
  • motor speech

- Broca’s area

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12
Q

nuclei of the thalamus

A
  • dorsomedial nucleus (DM)
  • VPM
  • VPL
  • pulvinar
  • medial and lateral geniculate
  • VA, VLo, VLc
  • LP
  • anterior nucleus
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13
Q

reminder for what the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei are for:

A
  • lateral: vision

- medial: hearing

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14
Q

DM nucleus

  • projects to
  • receives from
A
  • to: prefrontal cortex

- from: amygdaloid complex; temporal neocortex

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15
Q

what condition does a DM nucleus lesion mimic?

A

prefrontal lobotomy

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16
Q

Where does the LP nucleus project to?

A

superior parietal lobule

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17
Q

pulvinar

  • projects to
  • receives from
A

the pulvinar projects to and receives projections from:

  • areas 18 and 19 (vision association)
  • inferior parietal lobule
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18
Q

medial geniculate

  • project to
  • receives from
A

-to: areas 41 42
-from: lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus
(goes on to transverse gyrus of heschel for hearing)

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19
Q

lateral geniculate

  • projects to:
  • receives from
A
  • to: area 17 (vision)

- from: optic tract

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20
Q

VPM

  • projects to
  • receives from
A
  • to: areas 3-1-2

- from: trigeminothalamic tracts

21
Q

VPL

  • projects to
  • receives from
A
  • to: areas 3-1-2

- from: medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tracts

22
Q

VLo and VLc

  • projects to
  • receives from
A
  • to: area 4 (primary motor)

- from: dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra

23
Q

VA

  • projects to
  • receives from
A
  • to: area 6 (premotor) and anterior insular cortex

- from: globus pallidus and substantia nigra

24
Q

anterior nucleus

  • projects to
  • receives from
A
  • to: cingulate gyrus

- from: mammillothalamic tract and fornix

25
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus

  • where
  • function
A
  • sits under thalamus
  • sends out retinal projection to go on and form the optic N
  • it’s projections go up and around lateral ventricles and optic radiation and end in area 17
26
Q

what do crossing fibers in the optic chiasm “see”?

A

the bilateral temporal visual fields

27
Q

right occipital lobe see what?

A

left visual field

28
Q

calcarine sulcus

A
  • the division of the inferior and superior visual field areas
  • the inferior field is on top
  • superior is on bottom
  • in other words: the occipital lobe sees the world upside down
29
Q

what are circumventricular organs?

A
  • areas where the CSF-brain barrier doesn’t exsist

- allows for stuff in CSF to reach the nervous system

30
Q

list the circumventricular organs

A
  • area postrema
  • neurohypophysis
  • median eminence
  • pineal gland
  • ones he didn’t talk about: subcommissural organ, subfornical organ, organum vasculosum
31
Q

area postrema

A

vomiting center

32
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

33
Q

median eminence

A

forms the wall of the “funnel” that leads down to the posterior pituitary

34
Q

pineal gland

A
  • near superior and inferior colliculi

- primary secretion = melatonin but also 5-HT, NEPI, TRH, LHRH, SOM

35
Q

what major function does the pineal gland play in lower phylogenetic animals?

A

gonadal hormone control

36
Q

how do retinal projection travel?

A
  • direct retinal projections to hypothalamus
  • hypothalamus to pineal
  • pineal secretions influence hypothalamus
37
Q

what role does the pineal gland play in humans?

A

-exerts an inhibitory influence on gonads and reproductive system

38
Q

what is the outcome of a tumor causing increased secretion of the pineal gland?

A

delayed pubescence

39
Q

what is the outcome of a lesion and decreased secretion of the pineal gland?

A

precocious puberty

40
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • carries out the body’s reaction to the environment

- has many nuclei but not well defined functions like in the thalamus

41
Q

notable nuclei of the hypothalamus

A
  • mamillary bodies
  • arcuate
  • supraoptic
  • paraventricular
  • suprachaiasmatic
42
Q

hypothalamic afferent

A
  • limbic system (septal region)
  • fornix (limbic)
  • vagal sensory nuclei (related to satiety, PSNS)
  • solitary nuclei
  • thalamus
  • somatic afferent from genitals and nipples
  • retinal afferents to suprachiasmatic nucleus
  • vasculature (SNS)
43
Q

why is it significant that the hypothalamus is connected to somatic input from genitalia/nipples?

A
  • hear your baby
  • goes to medial geniculate
  • projects to hypothalamus
  • causes you to lactate
44
Q

pathway of papez circuit

A

hippocampus –> fornix

–> mammillary bodies –> anterior thalamic nucleus –> cingulate gyrus –> back to hippocampus

45
Q

overview of papez circuit

A
  • you sense the environment in a physical sense
  • received by cortex
  • send to cingulate gyrus
  • swings around into hippocampus (memory and sensory integration)
  • sent back up through fornix
  • ends in mammillary bodies (hypothalamus)
46
Q

what happens at the mamillary bodies (hypothalamus) level of papez circuit?

A

-it attaches emotion to the input it received
-tells the body to have a certain reaction to the environment
(like when mcneill talked about giving me a rose…… eeeek!)

47
Q

why is it beneficial for the papez circuit to be a continuous loop?

A

because the environment is constantly changing

48
Q

hypothalamic efferents

A
  • anterior thalamic nucleus
  • BS and SC ANS centers: direct and indirect via reticular formation
  • amygdoaloid nucleus
  • midbrain reticular formation

Neurology 2 (21 decks)

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