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OU Human Structure > Deep Back and Posterior Neck > Flashcards

Deep Back and Posterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Classify the cervical curvature

A

Lordotic

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2
Q

Classify the thoracic curvature

A

Kyphotic

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3
Q

Classify the lumbar curvature

A

Lordotic

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4
Q

Classify the sacral curvature

A

Kyphotic

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5
Q

Name the two primary curvatures of the spine

A

Thoracic and Sacral

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6
Q

Name the parts of the basic vertebrae

A 
Vertebral body
Pedicle
Lamina
Inferior articular process
Superior articular process
Spinous process
Pars interarticularis 
Vertebral foramen 
Transverse process
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7
Q

What two parts of the vertebrae make up the Vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle and Lamina

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8
Q

What is different about cervical vertebrae?

A

Transverse foramen

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9
Q

What is different about Thoracic vertebrae?

A

Rib facets (giraffe head)

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10
Q

What vertebrae do vertebral arteries pass through?

A

C1-C6

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11
Q

What vertebrae do vertebral veins pass through?

A

C1-C7

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12
Q

What makes up the sacrum?

A

5 fused vertebrae

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13
Q

Where do the spinal nerves pass?

A

Inter-vertebral foramen made from the inferior vertebral notch of one vertebrae and the superior vertebral notch of another

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14
Q

Inferior articular process of one vertebrae + superior articular process of another = ?

A

Zygopophyseal joint

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15
Q

Name the 2 joint types that join the vertebrae

A

Zygapophyseal joint = synovial joint

Intervertebral disks = symphysis joints

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16
Q

Name the 3 parts to a Synovial Joint

A
  1. Capsule with fibrous outer layer lined by a synovial membrane that makes synovial fluid
  2. Cavities filled with capillary-thin layer of synovial fluid
  3. Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces
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17
Q

Synovial fluid:

A

aqueous fluid similar to egg white for lubrication

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18
Q

Name the 2 parts of the Intervertebral Disk

A 
Nucleus Pulposus (gelatinous shock absorber as illustrated)
Annulus Fibrosis (Fibrocartilage)
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19
Q

Spondylolisis

A

The neck of the Scottie dog is that part of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular facets. When this part of the lamina is broken it destabilizes the connections between adjacent vertebra. The fracture of this region is known as spondylolisis

20
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Fractures of both pars intraarticularis regions can permit slippage of one vertebra one another, a condition known as spondylolisthesis.

21
Q

Name the ligaments of the Vertebral Column

A 
Ligamentum Flavum
Supraspinous
Posterior Longitudinal 
Interspinous 
Anterior Longitudinal 
Intertransverse
22
Q

Nuchal Ligament

A

Muscle attachments
Limits Flexion
Separates left and right compartments

23
Q

Suboccipital Ligaments

A

Alar (“wing”) Ligaments - from dens to occiput

Longitudinal bands + Transverse band = Cruciform ligament

24
Q

Sacroiliac ligaments

A

Names are not important, but clinical significance is. These are incredibly strong ligaments that greatly limit movement of the sacroiliac joint

25
Q

Suboccipital Triangle components

A 
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Important in the ability to nod and tilt the head
26
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major (O, I, N, F)

A 
O = Spinous process of C2
I = Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
N = Post. ramus of C1
F = Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle
27
Q

Rectus Capitus Posterior Inferior (O, I , N, F)

A 
O = Posterior tubercle of C1
I = Medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
N = Post. ramus of C1
F = Extension of head
28
Q

Obliquus capitis superior (O, I, N, F)

A 
O = Transverse process of C1
I = Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
N = post. ramus of C1
F = Extension of head and bends to same side
29
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior (O, I, N, F)

A 
O = Spinous process of C2
I = Transverse process of atlas
N = post. ramus of C1
F = Rotation of face to same side
30
Q

Deepest Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

Segmental Muscles:
Levatores Costarum
Interspinales
Intertransversarii

31
Q

Levatores Costarum (O, I, F)

A 
O = Short paired muscles arising from transverse processes of C7 to T11
I = The rib below vertebra or origin near tubercle
F = Contraction elevates ribs
32
Q

Interspinales (O, F)

A 
O = Short paired muscles attached to the spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae, one on each side of the interspinous ligament
F = postural muscles that stabilize adjoining vertebrae during movement of vertebral column
33
Q

Intertransversarii (O, F)

A 
O = Small muscles between the transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae
F = Postural muscles that stabilize adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column
34
Q

Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

Transversospinalis: attach from transverse process to spinous processes
Rotatores
Multifidus
Semispinalis

35
Q

Rotatores (O, I) - Brevis and Longus; skip 0-1 vertebrae

A

Lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
O = Transverse processes (or articular in cervical)
I = Spinous process

36
Q

Multifidus (O, I); skip 2-4

A 
O = sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae
I = Base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5 to C2
37
Q

Semispinalis (O, I); skip >4

A 
O = transverse processes of T5 to T10 (thoracis), transverse processes of upper 5 or 6 thoracic vertebrae (cervicis), transverse processes of T1 to T6 and C7 and articular processes of C4 to C6 (capitis) 
I = spinous processes of upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae (thoracis), spinous processes of C2 to C5 (cervicis), Medial area between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
38
Q

Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles

A 
Erector Spinae Muscles
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Enclosed in thoracolumbar fascia
39
Q

Iliocostalis (O, I)

A 
O = sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest (lumborum); Angles of the lower six ribs (thoracis); Angles of ribs 3 to 6 (cervicis)
I = Angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs (lumborum); Angles of the upper 6 ribs and the transverse process of C7 (thoracis); Transverse processes of C4 to C6 (cervicis)
40
Q

Longissimus (O, I)

A 
O = Blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region and is attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (thoracis); Transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae (Cervicis); transverse processes of upper four or five throacic vertebrae and articular processes of lower three or four cervical vertebrae (capitis)
I = transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the lower nine or ten ribs (thoracis); transverse processes of C2 to C6 (cervicis); Posterior margin of the mastoid process (Capitis)
41
Q

Spinalis (O, I)

A 
O = Spinous processes of T10 to T11 or L2 (thoracis); lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 (cervicis); Usually blends with semispinalis capitis (capitis)
I = Spinous processes of T1 to T8 (thoracis); spinous process of C2 (cervicis); with semispinalis capitis (capitis)
42
Q

Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis

43
Q

Splenius Capitis (O, I, N, F)

A 
O = lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C8 to T4
I = Mastoid process, skull below lateral on the third of superior nuchal line
N = post rami of middle cervical nerves
F = together - draw head backward, extending neck; individually - draw and rotate head to one side
44
Q

Splenius Cervicis (O, I, N, F)

A 
O = Spinous processes of T3 to T6
I = Transverse processes of C1 to C3
N = Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves
F = same as capitis
45
Q

Where is the most common site for bony metastases and why?

A

Vertebral column because the venous drainage and lymphatics provide a pathway for the spread of infection or metastatis

OU Human Structure (7 decks)

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