Decription

Question 1

Adenosine

Answer 1

Adenosine transiently blocks conduction through the AV node there by terminating reentrant tachycardias involving the AV node. It is the drug of choice for AV node reentrant tachycardia. It will not terminate dysrhythmias that do not involve the AV node as a reentrant Limb.

Question 2

Albuterol sulfate

Answer 2

Albuterol is a selective B-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a bronchodilator and positive chronotrope

Question 3

Amiodarone

Answer 3

Amiodarone has multiple effects showing class I, II, III and IV actions with quick onset. The dominant effect is prolongation of the action potential duration and the refractory period

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and blood clotting and is indicated for treatment of acute coronary syndrome and in which platelet aggregation is a major component. It is also a Analgesic and antipyretic.

Question 5

Atropine sulfate

Answer 5

Atropine is a endogenous antimuscarinic, anticholinergic substance. It is the Prototypical anticholinergic medication with the following effects:
. Increased heart rate and AV node conduction
. Decreased G.I. motility
. Urinary retention
. Pupillary dilation
. Decreased sweat, tear and saliva production

Question 6

Calcium gluconate

Answer 6

Cardioprotective agent in hyperkalemia

Question 7

Cyanokit

Answer 7

Cyanokit is the antidote to hydrogen cyanide, contains Hydroxocobalamin, a precursor to vitamin B 12, which binds to cyanide and neutralizes it so the poison is no longer toxic. The chemicals them eliminated through urination.

Question 8

Dextrose

Answer 8

Glucose is the body’s basic fuel and is required for cellular metabolism. Serum glucose is regulated by insulin, which stimulates storage of excess glucose from the blood stream, and glucagon, which mobilizes stored glucose into the bloodstream.

Question 9

Diphenhydramine

Answer 9

Antihistamine for treating histamine mediated symptoms of allergic reaction. Also anticholinergic and antiparkinsonian effects used for treating dystonic reactions caused by antipsychotic and antiemetic medications.

Question 10

DuoDote

Answer 10

The DuoDote nerve agent antidote kit consists of one auto injector for self and/or buddy administration. One injector contains 2.1 mg atropine and 600 mg pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM).

Question 11

Epinephrine

Answer 11

Endogenous catecholamine alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Causes dose related increase in heart rate, myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, peripheral vasoconstriction and bronchodilation.

Question 12

Fentanyl

Answer 12

Potent synthetic opioid analgesic. Fentanyl is 100 times more potent than morphine.

Question 13

Glucagon

Answer 13

Increases blood sugar concentration by converting liver glycogen to glucose. Glucagon also causes relaxation of smooth muscle of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon.

Question 14

Haloperidol

Answer 14

Haloperidol is a dopamine antagonist antipsychotic medication. Haloperidol produces a dopaminergic blockade, a mild Alpha adrenergic blockade, and causes peripheral vasodilation. It’s major actions are sedation and tranquilization.

Question 15

Ipratropium Bromide (atrovent)

Answer 15

Is a anticholinergic antimuscarinic bronchodilator chemically related to atropine

Question 16

Ketamine

Answer 16

Ketamine is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and disassociative, amnestic, analgesic anesthetic agent.

Question 17

Magnesium sulfate

Answer 17

Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction.

In cardiac patients, it stabilizes the potassium pump, correcting repolarization. It also shortens the QT interval in the presence of ventricular arrhythmias due to drug toxicity or electrolyte in balance.

In respiratory patients, it may act as a bronchodilator in acute bronchialspasm due to asthma or other bronchospastic diseases.

In patient suffering from eclampsia, it controls seizures by blocking neuromuscular transmission and lowers blood pressure as well as decreases cerebral vasospasm.

Question 18

Methylprednisolone (solu-medrol)

Answer 18

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic steroid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation and may alter immune response. In addition, it potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic agonists and may alter airway hyperactivity.

Question 19

Midazolam (versed)

Answer 19

Midazolam HCI is a water-soluble short acting benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. It’s effects create sedation, muscle relaxation, and anxiolysis.

Question 20

Morphine sulfate

Answer 20

Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic. Morphine causes analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression and complex hemodynamic effects, including hypertension caused by histamine release.

Question 21

Naloxone (narcan)

Answer 21

Naloxone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist.

Question 22

Nitroglycerin

Answer 22

Short acting peripheral vasodilator decreasing cardiac preload and afterload.

Question 23

Ondansetron (zofran)

Answer 23

Ondansetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist antiemetic.

Question 24

Oxygen

Answer 24

Oxygen added to inspired air increases the amount of oxygen in the blood, and there by increases the amount delivered to the tissue.

Question 25

Phenylephrine (intranasal) (neosephine)

Answer 25

Used for topical nasal administration, primarily exhibits Alpha adrenergic stimulation. This stimulation can produce moderate to marked vasoconstriction and subsequent nasal decongestion.

Question 26

Racemic epinephrine

Answer 26

Racemic epinephrine is an epinephrine preparation and a 1:1000 dilution for use by oral inhalation only. Vasoconstriction may reduce swelling in the upper airway, and B-effects on bronchial smooth muscle may relieve bronchialspasm.

Question 27

Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 27

Sodium bicarbonate is in alkalotic solution, which neutralizes acids found in the body. Acids are increased one body tissues become hypoxic due to cardiac or respiratory arrest.

Question 28

Topical Opthalmic Anesthetics

Answer 28

Used for topical administration as a pain reliever for eye irritation.