decolonization Flashcards
From which colonial power did India and Pakistan gain independence?
Great Britain
Why did the Partition of India happen?
Due to religious tensions; Muslims wanted a separate state to avoid Hindu-majority rule.
Which religious groups were the primary focus of the Partition?
Hindus and Muslims
What were the major effects of the Partition?
Massive migration, religious violence, ~1 million deaths, and lasting India-Pakistan conflict.
Jawaharlal Nehru (goal)
Wanted a unified, secular India.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (goal)
Wanted a separate Muslim nation—Pakistan.
Lord Louis Mountbatten (role)
British official who oversaw the withdrawal and partition process.
From which colonial power did Ghana gain independence?
Great Britain
Why is Ghana’s independence significant?
It was the first sub-Saharan African nation to gain independence and inspired other African countries.
Who was Kwame Nkrumah?
Leader of Ghana’s independence movement and first Prime Minister/President.
Nkrumah’s vision for Africa after independence
Pan-African unity and cooperation among newly independent African states.
From which colonial power did Congo gain independence?
Belgium
Why were there issues in Congo after independence?
Lack of preparation for self-rule, ethnic conflict, and foreign interference.
From which colonial power did Angola gain independence?
Portugal
How did Angola gain independence?
Through a long anti-colonial war (1961–1975).
What major conflict followed Angola’s independence?
The Angolan Civil War (1975–2002).
Which countries were involved in Angola’s civil war and who did they support?
USSR & Cuba supported MPLA; USA & South Africa supported UNITA.
From which colonial power did Myanmar (Burma) gain independence?
Great Britain
From which colonial power did Indonesia declare independence?
The Netherlands
