world history final

Question 1

Primary Source

Answer 1

Original materials from the time being studied (e.g., diaries, photographs, letters).

Question 2

Secondary Source

Answer 2

Analysis or interpretation of primary sources (e.g., textbooks, articles).

Question 3

Oceans

Answer 3

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern

Question 4

Monotheistic Religion Definition

Answer 4

Belief in one god

Question 5

Three Religions

Answer 5

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Question 6

Aristocracy

Answer 6

Rule by the wealthy or noble class

Question 7

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 7

A monarch has complete control without constitutional limitations

Question 8

Limited Monarchy

Answer 8

A monarch’s power is restricted by a constitution or parliament

Question 9

Military Dictatorship

Answer 9

Government controlled by military leaders

Question 10

Oligarchy

Answer 10

Rule by a small group of powerful individuals

Question 11

Direct Democracy

Answer 11

Citizens directly vote on laws and policies

Question 12

Republic (Representative Democracy)

Answer 12

Citizens elect representatives to make decisions

Question 13

Anarchy

Answer 13

Absence of a government

Question 14

Athens

Answer 14

Direct Democracy

Question 15

Rome

Answer 15

Republic

Question 16

Quinine

Answer 16

Definition: A medicine used to treat malaria. Helped Europeans survive in tropical regions during colonization.

Question 17

Heliocentric

Answer 17

Sun at the center (correct)

Question 18

Geocentric

Answer 18

Earth at the center (incorrect)

Question 19

Locke

Answer 19

Natural rights (life, liberty, property), favored democracy

Question 20

Montesquieu

Answer 20

Separation of powers, checks and balances.

Question 21

Rousseau

Answer 21

direct democracy.

Question 22

Voltaire

Answer 22

Advocated for freedom of speech and religion.

Question 23

Hobbes

Answer 23

Believed in a strong central authority, supported absolute monarchy

Question 24

Wollstonecraft

Answer 24

Advocated for women’s rights and equality

Question 25

Enlightenment and Revolutions

Answer 25

Inspired ideas about liberty, equality, and democracy, leading to revolutions like the American and French Revolutions.

Question 26

Enlightened Despots

Answer 26

Definition: Absolute monarchs who adopted Enlightenment ideas.
Examples: Frederick the Great, Joseph II, Catherine the Great (mixed effectiveness).

Question 27

French Revolution Inspiration

Answer 27

Inspired by the American Revolution.

Question 28

Causes of the French Revolution

Answer 28

Economic inequality, heavy taxation of the Third Estate, and inspiration from Enlightenment ideas.

Question 29

First Estate

Answer 29

Clergy (privileged).

Question 30

Second Estate

Answer 30

Nobility (privileged).

Question 31

Third Estate

Answer 31

Commoners (98% of the population, paid most taxes).

Question 32

Tennis Court Oath FRENCH REV

Answer 32

Pledge to draft a constitution.

Question 33

Storming of the Bastille FRENCH REV

Answer 33

Symbol of revolution against tyranny.

Question 34

King Louis XVI

Answer 34

Executed during the revolution.

Question 35

Napoleon

Answer 35

Rose to power, expanded France, exiled after failures

Question 36

Marie Antoinette

Answer 36

Executed during the revolution.

Question 37

Robespierre

Answer 37

Led the Reign of Terror, executed.

Question 38

Napoleon’s Successes

Answer 38

Napoleonic Code, military conquests.

Question 39

Napoleon’s Failures

Answer 39

Invasion of Russia, continental system, defeat at Waterloo

Question 40

Nationalism

Answer 40

intense pride and loyalty to one’s nation.

Question 41

Independence Leaders

Answer 41

Toussaint L’Ouverture: Haiti, led slave revolt.
Simón Bolívar: South America, led independence movements.
José de San Martín: South America, helped liberate Argentina, Chile, Peru.

Question 42

Industrial Revolution

Answer 42

Change in Production: From hand-made to machine-made goods.
Origin: Great Britain (England)
First Products: Textiles.

Question 43

Positives and Negatives of Industrialization

Answer 43

Positives: Increased production, economic growth.
Negatives: Poor working conditions, pollution, child labor.

Question 44

Children in Industrialization

Answer 44

Long hours, dangerous jobs, low pay, little to no education

Question 45

Meiji Restoration

Answer 45

• political revolution in Japan that restored imperial rule under Emperor Meiji and ended centuries of Tokugawa shogunate control
  -transformed Japan into a modern, industrialized nation by centralizing power, reforming its military, economy, and education system, and adopting Western technology and practices
• This period marked Japan’s emergence as a global power and laid the foundation for its rapid modernization

Question 46

Berlin Conference

Answer 46

-meeting of European powers organized by Germany to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa during the era of New Imperialism. No African leaders were invited.
-aimed to avoid conflict among European nations over African territories and resulted in the division of the continent into colonial territories without regard for existing African cultures, languages, or political boundaries